Cytauxzoon felis DNA Detection in Healthy Cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Raimundo, Juliana Macedo; Guimarães, Andresa; André, Marcos Rogério; Baldani, Cristiane Divan

doi:10.1645/19-159

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This change can also be found in animals infected with M. haemofelis, according to Messick (2004). Contrary to the present findings, Raimundo et al (2021) found secondary reactive thrombocytosis in an infected feline in Rio de Janeiro.…”

contrasting

confidence: 94%

Co-infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the feline immunodeficiency virus in a domestic cat in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Fenelon,

Hora,

Silva

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Cytauxzoon felis is a hemoparasite capable of infecting domestic and wild cats. Studies suggest that wild cats are the main reservoirs of the protozoan, and transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. Hemotropic mycoplasmas are Gram-negative bacteria responsible for severe hemolytic anemia. The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus capable of generating immunosuppression in the host and persistent infection. The present work describes a case of co infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in a cat. A feline from the rural area was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberlândia - MG of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Fresh whole blood samples were collected for blood count, enzymatic analysis, DNA extraction, real-time PCR for the detection of Cytauxzoon felis and Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the Point of Care ELISA test for Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) antigens and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Piroplasms compatible with Cytauxzoon spp. were observed in the smear, and the tests performed were positive for Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and FIV.

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contrasting

confidence: 94%

Co-infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the feline immunodeficiency virus in a domestic cat in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Fenelon,

Hora,

Silva

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…As far as authors are concerned, fatal cytauxzoonosis has not been reported in domestic cats in Brazil, despite reports of fatal cytauxzoonosis in lions (Panthera leo) [35] and jaguars (Panthera onca) [36] in the country. Actually, despite the detection of piroplasms in cats' erythrocytes [20,37], schizonts have not been detected in domestic cats from Brazil so far. These findings suggest that several isolates may occur in the country, whose pathogenicity may differ from each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Agents in Cats from Southeastern and Northern Brazil

et al. 2022

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Even though the epidemiology of tick-borne agents (TBA) in dogs has been extensively investigated around the world, the occurrence, vectors involved, and molecular identity of these agents in cats remains elusive in many regions. Among TBA, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia, Cytauxzoon, and Hepatozoon are responsible for diseases with non-specific clinical signs in cats, making essential the use of molecular techniques for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular identity of tick-borne agents (Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia/Theileria, Cytauxzoon, and Hepatozoon) in cats from southeastern (states of São Paulo (SP) and Minas Gerais (MG)) and northern (state of Rondônia (RO)) Brazil. For this purpose, 390 blood samples were collected from domiciled cats in MG (n = 155), SP (n = 151), and RO(n = 84) states, submitted to DNA extraction and PCR assays for Ehrlichia spp. (dsb gene), Anaplasma spp. (rrs gene), piroplasmids (18S rRNA gene), and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA gene), sequencing, and phylogenetic inferences. The overall positivity for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Cytauxzoon spp., and Hepatozoon spp. were 7.4% (12.3% (MG) and 6.6% (SP)), 2% (4.5% (MG) and 0.6% (SP)), 0.7% (0.6% (MG), 0.6% (SP) and 1.2% (RO)), 27.2% (41.9% (MG), 24.5% (SP) and 4.8% (RO), and 0%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the obtained sequences with ‘Candidatus Anaplasma amazonensis’, A. platys, B. vogeli, and Cytauxzoon sp. previously detected in wild felids from Brazil. qPCR specific for E. canis based on the dsb gene confirmed the molecular identity of the detected ehrlichial agent. The present study expanded the list and geographical distribution of hemoparasites in cats. ‘Candidatus Anaplasma amazonensis’, recently detected in sloths from northern Brazil, was described for the first time in cats. This is the first report of piroplasmids infecting cats in northern Brazil. Coinfection by Cytauxzoon and other TBA (Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and B. vogeli) reported in the present study raises the need for veterinary practitioners’ awareness of cats parasitized by multiple TBA.

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“…While C. felis is the only known species of the genus in the United States (US), other Cytauxzoon spp. have been identified in several countries from five different continents [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Infection of domestic cats with C. felis causes cytauxzoonosis, a fatal tick-borne disease [ 13 ], and cases of cytauxzoonosis have been documented all over the southcentral, southeastern, and mid-Atlantic US [ 2 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Prevent Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats

et al. 2023

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Cytauxzoonosis is caused by Cytauxzoon felis (C. felis), a tick-borne parasite that causes severe disease in domestic cats in the United States. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent this fatal disease, as traditional vaccine development strategies have been limited by the inability to culture this parasite in vitro. Here, we used a replication-defective human adenoviral vector (AdHu5) to deliver C. felis-specific immunogenic antigens and induce a cell-mediated and humoral immune response in cats. Cats (n = 6 per group) received either the vaccine or placebo in two doses, 4 weeks apart, followed by experimental challenge with C. felis at 5 weeks post-second dose. While the vaccine induced significant cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in immunized cats, it did not ultimately prevent infection with C. felis. However, immunization significantly delayed the onset of clinical signs and reduced febrility during C. felis infection. This AdHu5 vaccine platform shows promising results as a vaccination strategy against cytauxzoonosis.

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Cytauxzoon felis DNA Detection in Healthy Cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Co-infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the feline immunodeficiency virus in a domestic cat in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Co-infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the feline immunodeficiency virus in a domestic cat in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Agents in Cats from Southeastern and Northern Brazil

A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Prevent Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats

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