Cyto-genetical investigations in some common cucurbits, with special reference to fragmentation of chromosomes as a physical basis of speciation

Bhaduri, P. N.; Bose, P C

doi:10.1007/bf02989384

Cited by 100 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…1a, b) which corroborates the findings of earlier researchers (Bhaduri andBose 1947, Patel 1952). In both sexes, there are 10 pairs of short metacentric chromosome and one pair of submetacentric chromosome having secondary constriction.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Karyotype and Sex Expression in Trichosanthes dioica

2003

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Summary Cytological and immunochemical studies were carried out on dioecious Trichosanthes dioica to understand the genetic control of sex expression. The karyotype shows high homogenity and the absence of heteromorphic pair of chromosome in diploid males negates the possibility of XY mechanism. Soluble protein profile from the tuberous roots of the male and female plants of T. dioica did not show any marked distinction; only a variation in the staining pattern was observed. However, in the immunoblot assay the cross reactivity of anti-p-22 (antibody raised against a female biased 22 kD protein of Momordica dioica) at 29 kD and 32 kD regions of the protein profiles in both sex forms establishes p-22 as a sex linked marker. The ratio of the intensity of 29/32 kD polypeptide is also an indicator of sex expression and the data has been analysed as well.In many sexually reproducing plant species all individuals are essentially identical in the gender condition i.e. hermophorditic and less than 4% of plant species are dioecious in nature (Guttman and Charlesworth 1998). While many of the dioecious species have visibly different X and Y sex chromosomes, in some species no chromosomal distinction has been recorded in relation to sex (Matsunaga and Kawano 2001, Westergaard 1958). Again several kinds of evidences suggest that the sex ratio in dioecious plant species is controlled by the expression of allele in one to several loci (Charlesworth 2002, Grant et al. 1994. The chromosomal sex determination system in flowering plants also indicates that plant sex chromosomes have evolved recently through replicated independent events (Mayer and Charlesworth 1992).Among the dioecious cucurbit in Trichosanthes dioica, a vegetatively propagated cultivar, no heteromorphicity is recorded in relation to sex (Patel 1952), though male and female plants strictly maintain their respective sexual phenotypes. In the absence of information on chromosomal basis of sex determination, sex linked genetic marker could be useful in understanding the genetics of dioecism in this taxon. In our recent work on the vegetative reproductive structure of Momordica dioica we have detected a female biased 22 kD polypeptide and through immunoblot assay it has been noted that antibody raised against this 22 kD protein (p-22) not only reacts with 22 kD protein in female plant but also with 29 kD and ϳ32 kD polypeptides of both the sex forms of M. dioica (Sinha et al. 2001). The importance of this genetic marker has prompted the authors to assess the role of anti-p-22 in other dioecious system as well. The present investigation has therefore been aimed at karyotype and immunochemical analysis to resolve the differences between the sexes of T. dioica.Tuberous roots of male and female T. dioica, collected from West Tripura were planted in the experimental garden of the Department of Life Sciences, Tripura University. To analyse the somatic chromosome shoot tips were pre-treated in saturated solution of paradichloro benzene for 4 h at 10-15°C followed by overnig...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Karyotype and Sex Expression in Trichosanthes dioica

2003

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“…Somatic chromosome number 2nϭ24 was found constant in the male and female plants of C. indica as was reported by earlier researchers (Bhaduri and Bose 1947, Chakrabarty 1948, Kumar and Vishveswaraiah 1952. In both sexes there were 11 pairs of metacentric and 1 pair of sub-metacentric chromosome having secondary constriction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Earlier workers have found that a series of polyploidy (2nϭ24, 36, 48) exists in C. indica with distinct heteromorphic pairs of sex chromosomes (Bhaduri and Bose 1947, Chakravarty 1948, D'cruz et al 1972, Kumar and Vishveswaraiah 1952, Roy and Roy 1971, Sen and Datta 1977, in which, Y chromosome plays a decisive role in the differentiation of male sex (Kumar and Vishveshwariah 1952). Interspecific and intraspecific variation and constancy in the amout of nuclear DNA content of flowering plants have been reported by several authors (Bennett 1985, Bennett and Smith 1976, Chattopadhyay and Sharma 1990, Riana and Rees 1983, Sinha et al 1997.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytological, Cytochemical and Electrophoretic Distinction of a Dioecious Cucurbit, Coccinia indica

Guha¹,

Sinha

2005

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Chromosome studies, in situ estimation of 4C nuclear DNA content and isoesterase profiles of vegetative propagules were carried out in dioecious Coccinia indica Wight and Arn. Somatic chromosome number 2nϭ24 though recorded in both sexes, a distinct heteromorphic pair of sex chromosome is found in male plants. Diploid males are heterogametic with 22ϩXY and females are homogametic with 22ϩXX. The somatic chromosomes are generally short with median and submedian constrictions except the metacentric Y chromosome which is conspicuously large. The relative size differences of chromosomes indicate a tendency towards progressive asymmetry. 4C nuclear DNA content shows marked variation in relation to sex and a positive linear relationship between the amount of the DNA and the total chromosome length is recorded. The average packing ratio (APR) of male and female plants differs which suggests a differential organisation of mitotic chromosome in relation to sex. Differences in the isoesterase pattern obtained in the vegetative reproductive structure indicate that it could also be used as an important biochemical marker for identification of sexes.Coccinia indica, a dioecious vegetatively propagated species of cucurbitaceae, shows a wide spread distribution in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Chakrabarty 1959) and in particular in Tripura state, India (Deb 1981). Earlier workers have found that a series of polyploidy (2nϭ24, 36, 48) exists in C. indica with distinct heteromorphic pairs of sex chromosomes (Bhaduri and Bose 1947, Chakravarty 1948, D'cruz et al. 1972, Kumar and Vishveswaraiah 1952, Roy and Roy 1971, Sen and Datta 1977, in which, Y chromosome plays a decisive role in the differentiation of male sex (Kumar and Vishveshwariah 1952). Interspecific and intraspecific variation and constancy in the amout of nuclear DNA content of flowering plants have been reported by several authors (Bennett 1985, Bennett and Smith 1976, Chattopadhyay and Sharma 1990, Riana and Rees 1983, Sinha et al. 1997. Data on nuclear DNA content was meagre in the sex forms of C. indica (Chattopadhyay and Sharma 1991) and no comparative analysis of the karyotype in relation to DNA content was done in this species. The overall compaction of DNA molecules into the somatic chromosome complements described as average packing ratio (Lewin 1994) could be estimated (Sinha et al. 1996) to find out the measure of condensation at mitotic metaphase of the sex forms of the taxon. Moreover, the male and female plants strictly maintain their respective sexual phenotype and as dioecism exist in this taxon, the specialized reproductive structure i.e. the tuberous roots of the two sex forms could be analyzed electrophoretiacelly to detect distinction between them. The present work deals with chromosome studies, 4C nucler DNA content and isoesterase pattern of the sex forms of C. indica. The differential rate of average packing ratio (APR) in relation to sex has been analyzed as well. Materials and methodsTuberous roots of male and fe...

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“…There are some studies for M. charantia that present karyological information, chromosome measures and karyographs (McKay 1930, Bhaduri and Bose 1947, Lombello and Pinto-Maglio 2007, Zaman and Alam 2009, Bharathi et al 2011, Waminal and Kim 2012, Kausar et al 2014), but not so many. All the studied species presented symmetrical karyomorphology.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Cytogenetic Study of Three Japanese Cultivars of <i>Momordica charantia</i> L.

Kido¹,

Morikawa

Saetiew

et al. 2016

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Using a base-specific staining method, three Japanese cultivars of Momordica charantia were investigated. The present method using enzymatic digestion produced a high level of well-spread metaphase chromosome complements. The cultivars investigated showed the same somatic chromosome number 2n=22. In condensation behavior from prophase to metaphase, most chromosomes of all cultivars in this study had early condensing segments at the proximal regions. Moreover, at prophase or earlier stage of metaphase, most chromosomes observed had decondenced segments at the distal regions in both arms. Judging by the determination of centromere positions, the chromosome complements at mitotic metaphases in three cultivars consisted of 22 metacentric chromosomes. Moreover, similar sizes and shapes of the chromosomes indicated that the karyotypes of M. charantia cultivars were symmetrical. In contrast, fluorescent staining showed different sizes and numbers of chromycin A 3 (CMA) positive and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) negative (CMA + DAPI ) satellites among cultivars. Four CMA + DAPI satellites were observed in M. charantia Abashi-goya and M. charantia Naga-goya, while two satellites were obseved in M. charantia Shiro-goya. All satellites were located at one end of sat-chromosomes. In Shiro-goya, a large size difference of satellites was found between two satchromosomes, which might be homologous chromosomes with polymorphism. Moreover, faintly CMA + DAPI sites were shown at the proximal regions or primary constrictions of most chromosomes in all cultivars.

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Cyto-genetical investigations in some common cucurbits, with special reference to fragmentation of chromosomes as a physical basis of speciation

Cited by 100 publications

References 45 publications

Karyotype and Sex Expression in Trichosanthes dioica

Karyotype and Sex Expression in Trichosanthes dioica

Cytological, Cytochemical and Electrophoretic Distinction of a Dioecious Cucurbit, Coccinia indica

A Cytogenetic Study of Three Japanese Cultivars of <i>Momordica charantia</i> L.

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