Cyto–morphological studies and their significance in evolution of family Vitaceae

Abstract

Cyto-morphology and chromosome number worked out for 60 accessions belonging to genera and species of the family Vitaceae show marked variations in their chromosome numbers. Grape cultivars and Vitis species have 2n=38, while in wild types like Ampelopsis, Ampelocissus and Parthenocissus 2n=40 and 80 were encountered. Chromosome numbers of Cissus, Cayratia and Tetrastigma have variations from 2n=22 to 120. These genera have been reclassified based on chromosome numbers like Cissus 2n=24, 48, Cayratia 2n=40, 80, 60 and 120, and Tetrastigma to be 2n=22, 44, 26, 52.

Genome size variation and evolution in the grape family Vitaceae

“…). The chromosome number for this group is uniform (Karkamkar et al, ) with 2 n = 4 x = 40, but species with palmate leaves (e.g., Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge and A. delavayana Planch. ex Franch.)…”

“…†Published chromosome counts were used for calculations. The inferred ploidy is based on the study of Karkamkar et al ().…”

“…The diploid number of Cissus is mostly 24 and sometimes 48, or occasionally 26, 28, 32, 40, 50, to even 95. Chromosome number variation is complicated in Cayratieae (Karkamkar et al, ). There is considerable chromosomal variation in Cyphostemma (2 n = 20, 22, 40, 44, 46, or 54).…”

Micromorphological investigation of leaf epidermis and seeds of Vitaceae from Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

“…Vitaceae is an important family, well known among commercial fruits for the economic importance of the grapes (Karkamkar, Patil, & Misra, ). The family is treated under order Rhamnale, divided into two major groups: four‐merous group and five‐merous group, comprised of14 genera and 900 species distributed widely in tropical, subtropical regions, and partially in temperate region.…”

“…Various studies have been conducted to identify the exact phylogeny of Vitaceae as the family has unresolved phylogenetic placement and alternatively placed as sister to Saxigragales, Caryophyllales, Dilleniales, Vitales or rosids on the basis of genome sequencing (Manchester et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2013;Rossetto, McNally, & Henry, 2002;Jansen et al, 2006;Lu, Wen, & Chen, 2011;(Ickert-Bond, Gerrath, & Wen, 2014;Karkamkar et al, 2010).…”