Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of anthers and pollen grains in Lathyrus undulatus Boiss

Abstract

In Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. (Fabaceae), the young microspore stage of anther development was characterized by the enlarged secretory tapetal cells, which presented an intense reaction with regard to protein, insoluble polysaccharides and lipids. At bicellular pollen stage, the middle layer and the tapetum degenerated. After degradation of the tapetum, epidermis and single row U-shaped endothecium existed in the mature anther wall, and pollen grains remained in the locus. Young microspores had a spherical and centrally located nucleus with one or two nucleoli, many spherical lipid bodies and starchy plastids. A mature pollen grain contains insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and calcium. The mature pollen had the following morphological characteristics: 3-zonocolporate, prolate, tectate (imperforate) type of exine and perforate type of structure. The intine formed an important constituent portion of the wall, and consisted two sublayers: an outer intine (exintine) and an inner intine (endintine). The well-defined exine was made up of lipoidal substances and protein, but the intine composed of insoluble polysaccharides and protein.The bicellular state of the pollen grains persisted to anthesis.

Developmental and Cytochemical Features of Male Reproductive Organ in <i>Crataegus tanacetifolia</i> (Lam.) Pers.

“…The cells of secretory tapetum degenerate towards the end of pollen development (Pacini et al, 1985), and tapetal cells undergo programmed cell death (Papini et al, 1999;Vardar and Unal, 2011;Wu and Cheung, 2000). The time of the degeneration varies greatly among species.…”

“…Although tapetal cells have completely degenerated at young pollen stage in C. babakhanloui (Hamideh et al, 2012), degeneration progreses rapidly and ends at the end of the tetrad stage in C. tanacetifolia. In Lathyrus undulatus, tapetal cells undergo degeneration at vacuolated pollen stage and completely disappear at bicellular pollen stage (Vardar and Unal, 2011). Programmed cell death takes place in the variety cells of reproductive organs including megaspores, synergids, antipodals, nucellus, suspansor and tapetum.…”

“…Programmed cell death takes place in the variety cells of reproductive organs including megaspores, synergids, antipodals, nucellus, suspansor and tapetum. Papini et al (2014) and Vardar and Unal (2011) demonstrated programmed cell death in the tapetal cells using DAPI, TUNEL and ultrastructural techniques. Vacuolisation, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and nuclear degeneration are some of the characteristics of programmed cell death…”

Effects of agricultural practices on properties and metal content in urban garden soils in a tropical metropolitan area

“…Soil acidity is a natural occurrence in tropical and subtropical zones. 20 The decrease of pH in OF soils led to a decrease in soil fertility and may cause aluminum toxicity and lots of micronutrients. 21 Low fertility is a characteristic of many tropical soils, mainly because of the significant and rapid degradation of organic matter, but also because of leaching, weathering of minerals and low-input agricultural practices.…”

Histochemical studies on male gametophyte of Adansonia digitata Linn. - An endangered species of Karnataka, India.

“…In most angiosperms, formation of viable pollen is achieved by a series of complex events that require cooperative interaction between gametophytic and sporophytic tissues in the anther (Mascarenhas, 1989; Goldberg et al, 1993). The earlier workers have made numerous studies on the development of pollen along with the localization of different histochemical substances on different plants by Rudramuniyappa and Panchaksharappa (1985), Yeung et al, (2011), Vardar and Unal (2011), Liu et al, (2011Liu et al, ( , 2012, Vardar et al, (2012), Ekici and Dane (2012), Aybeke (2012), Galati et al, (2012).…”