Cytochemical demonstration of catabolism in soil micro-organisms

Macdonald, R. M.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(80)90019-x

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…After colouration of the VAM fungal tissue with the deposition of tetrazolium salts, the only additional need is a fume hood in which to clear the stained root fragments with a boiling chloral hydrate solution (MacDonald & Lewis, 1978;MacDonald, 1980). The resulting fragments can be read using the same techniques currently employed for v non-vitally stained root fragments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Succinate dehydrogenase, a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme which has been reported to be an indicator of metabolically active fungal tissue in VAM (Mac-Donald & Lewis, 1978;MacDonald, 1980), can be examined directly in tissues using a chlorogenic assay (Pearse, 1968). Using this technique, decreases in VAM fungal activity have been shown to occur after herbicide application (Ocampo & Barea, 1985) or as mycorrhizas age ) and which were not apparent when the normal non-vital staining of root tissue was employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressed Metabolic Activity of Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi After Fungicide Applications

1987

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SUMMARYApplication to soil of either benomyl or captan significantly decreased the growth of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Hyper) plants 4 weeks after treatment but non-VAM plants were not affected. Fungal colonization of the onion roots, as indicated by non-vital staining with chlorozole black E, was depressed 2 weeks after fungicide application. However, decreases in metabolically active VAM fungal tissue, revealed by a succinate dehydrogenase assay, could be detected as soon as 3 d after fungicide treatment. There was little difference between the fungicides in their effect on the VAM fungi used. The usefulness of the succinate dehydrogenase assay in predicting effects of fungicide is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressed Metabolic Activity of Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi After Fungicide Applications

1987

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“…One of the most commonly used tetrazolium dyes is 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT). INT has been used for assessment of respiring bacteria in aquatic (34,60,87,90,107,135,155), and other environments (30,37,78). In general, cells are examined microscopically for intracellular formazan deposits, or the formazan is extracted from the cells by e.g.…”

Section: Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of viability of microorganisms employing fluorescence techniques

Breeuwer

Abee

2000

International Journal of Food Microbiology

264

181

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“…(Harvey & Young, 1980;Maki & Remsen, 1981;Tabor & Neihof, 1982), 20 min. (Love11 & Konopka, 1985), 4 h or more (Mac Donald, 1980;Quinn, 1984). Consequently, a wide variety of incubation times, ranging from 10 min.…”

Section: Incubation With Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a wide variety of incubation times, ranging from 10 min. (King & Parker, 1988) to 4 h (Quinn, 1984) and more (Mac Donald, 1980), have been used. The incubation time is a critical step in this procedure.…”

Section: Incubation With Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tetrazolium reduction method for assessing the viability of individual bacterial cells in aquatic environments: improvements, performance and applications

Dufour¹,

Colon²

1992

Hydrobiologia

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The electron transport system of respiring organisms reduces 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT) to INT-formazan.Active bacterial cells may be recognized under the microscope by epifluorescence and by the simultaneous presence, seen under bright light field of optically dense intracellular deposits of INT-formazan.An improved procedure that leads to a sharp definition of cells and formazan deposits is presented here. Cells are concentrated on cellulose membrane filters of 0.1 pm porosity which are rendered further transparent prior to immersion of the cells in a layer of 4', 6-diaminidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) s' fluorochrome. This process leads to two significant improvements: (1) the fluorochrome is not trapped inside the membrane, which decreases the background fluorescence and leads to a better detection of the small cells; (2) the cells are immersed in an aqueous solution, which prevents rapid dissolution of the formazan crystals which would be expected if they were in contact with oily clearing agents. Tests on formazan labelling and on storage of INT-processed samples suggest other precautions for reliable use. Improved in this way, the method is simple, rapid and has numerous applications in environmental studies, ecophysiology and ecotoxicology. Some examples are given, with 2 to 98% of INT reducing cells observed, depending on different environmental conditions.

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Cytochemical demonstration of catabolism in soil micro-organisms

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Depressed Metabolic Activity of Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi After Fungicide Applications

Depressed Metabolic Activity of Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi After Fungicide Applications

Assessment of viability of microorganisms employing fluorescence techniques

The tetrazolium reduction method for assessing the viability of individual bacterial cells in aquatic environments: improvements, performance and applications

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