Cytochemical Studies of Changes Induced in Cellular Materials by Ionizing Radiations

Kaufmann, Berwind Petersen; McDonald, Margaret R.; Bernstein, Maurice H.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb45969.x

Cited by 59 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Bivalents were found clumped in single or different groups at metaphase and anaphase. Stickiness could be due to depolymerization of nucleic acid caused by mutagenic treatments or due to partial dissociation of nucleoproteins and alterations in their pattern of organization (Evans 1962, Darlington 1942, or may be due to partial dissolution of nucleoproteins (Kaufman 1956). Jayabalan and Rao (1987) suggested stickiness might be due to disturbance in cytochemically balanced reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Kapoor

Srivastava

2010

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Mutagen-induced polyploidy can be considered to be a system of increasing genotypic plasticity so that aberrations at the genic and chromosomal level are easily tolerated by the plants. A tetraploid and a mixoploid mutant was induced in Trigonella foenum-graecum by sodium azide. Healthy seeds of Trigonella were treated with different doses of sodium azide. In M 2 screening, we found variants at 0.15% treatment for 4 h and at 0.25% treatment for 2 h and they were studied for morphological characters, meiotic behaviour, pollen sterility and stomata frequency. They were confirmed as tetraploid and mixoploid respectively and their surviving M 3 progeny was further studied on the same line. Meiotic studies showed different types of abnormalities for both. In mixoploid, the RAR increased from M 2 to M 3 but in tetraploid plant it decreased in M 3 generation. The number of chiasma per chromosome was reduced in M 3 generation for both the mutants. A comparison of the different anomalies in 2 generations of the tetraploid and mixoploid helps us to understand the reason for very high pollen sterility and negligible seed set in the tetraploid. Stickiness was increased in both, but the relative increase was less in tetraploid. Stickiness has been considered as a natural method of ameliorating stress and hence may be responsible for better performance of mixoploid. Laggards and spindle disorientation was significantly higher in the tetraploid as compared to the mixoploid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Kapoor

Srivastava

2010

CYTOLOGIA

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“…The most frequent abnormalities in this study were stickiness, vagrants, C-mitosis and multiple bridges which resulted from chromosome and/or chromatid breaks in the wastewater. Stickiness of chromosomes may be due to increase chromosome contraction and condensation or DNA depolymerization (Ahmed and Grant, 1972;Klasterska et al, 1976) and nucleoproteins dissolution (Kaufman, 1958). Stickiness is considered a common sign of toxic effect of pollutants on chromosomes probably leading to cell death (Fiskesjo, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Evaluation and Cytogenetic Screening of Process Water Using a Plant Bioassay

Olorunfemi¹,

Olomukoro²,

Anani³

2015

Nig J Bas App Sci

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ABSTRACT:The effect of toxic substances on aquatic lives from a wastewater indiscriminately discharged into the environment during oil and gas exploration activities in Nigeria is the focus of this study. A plant bioassay, the Allium cepa test, was used for the cytogenotoxicity screening of process water on root growth inhibition and chromosome abnormalities in the meristematic roots of the plant. Results of the physicochemical analysis of the wastewater collected from Nigerian Agip Oil Company (NAOC) facility at Ogboinbiri in Bayelsa State at the point of discharge into the environment showed that it had an unpleasant odour, was slightly alkaline (pH 7.72) and had high electrical conductivity (2793.33 µS/cm). Lead, manganese, iron, chromium and nickel were present at amounts (0.13, 0.33, 4.47, 0.17 and 0.10 mg/l respectively) above national (NESREA) and international (USEPA) limits for effluent discharge. Macroscopic evaluation of A. cepa cultivated in the wastewater resulted in significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent root growth inhibition with an EC 50 value of 14.8 % at 96 h. Root tip cells of the onion bulbs processed for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash technique after exposure to the wastewater for 48 h at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2. 5, 5.0, and 10% (v/v; wastewater/tap water) showed chromosomal aberrations at all concentrations. Statistical analysis of microscopic results show significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent frequency of aberrant chromosomes and reduction of mitotic index. The findings in this study calls for proper treatment of process water before its discharge into water bodies to avoid cyto-genetic damages to aquatic lives.

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“…(1942) suggested that stickiness is due to depolymerization of DNA. Kaufman (1956) is of opinion that it is produced by the partial dissociation of nucleoproteins. Klasterska, Natarajan and Ramel (1976) have proposed that stickiness is a chromatid aberration involving exchanges between folded fibre sub-units of chromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytology of tea.

Cherian

Stephen

1981

CYTOLOGIA

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Cytochemical Studies of Changes Induced in Cellular Materials by Ionizing Radiations

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Toxicity Evaluation and Cytogenetic Screening of Process Water Using a Plant Bioassay

Cytology of tea.

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