Cytochrome Oxidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and NADPH-Diaphorase Staining in Human Supratemporal and Insular Cortex: Evidence for Multiple Auditory Areas

Rivier, François; Clarke, Stéphanie

doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0304

Cited by 291 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Activation map coordinates were compared to histologically identified auditory areas (Rivier and Clarke, 1997;Wallace et al, 2002). The position of local maxima from MSP activation maps of individual subjects was overlaid on a map of the supratemporal plane identifying auditory areas in both hemispheres (Rivier and Clarke, 1997) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maxima were compared to previous literature by conversion of the map as obtained from Rivier and Clarke (1997) and Wallace et al (2002) into MNI space via a linear regression procedure (http://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam. ac.uk/imaging/MniTalairach) and subsequent marking of the local maxima in the projection of the MNI space onto its x-y plane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactions between the auditory What and Where streams are likely to occur on the supratemporal plane, where the two streams partially overlap (Altmann et al, 2007;Arnott et al, 2004;Griffiths and Warren, 2002;Hart et al, 2004;Hunter et al, 2003;Viceic et al, 2006). Several architectonically defined areas are located within this region, including the primary (on Heschl's gyrus; Morosan et al, 2001) and several non-primary auditory areas: the anterior (AA), anterolateral (ALA), lateral (LA), medial (MA), posterior (PA), and superior temporal (STA) areas (as identified by their histo-and immunohistochemical characteristics; Rivier and Clarke, 1997;Wallace et al, 2002). The diversity of the early-stage non-primary areas may reflect functional specialisation, such as proposed for speech processing in LA and STA (Scott and Johnsrude, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main feature of core and belt areas is found in both (Hackett et al, 2001), while the number of belt areas appears to be different; three belt areas have been identified in macaque monkeys (Kaas and Hackett, 2000;Rauschecker and Tian, 2000), while anatomical studies identified at least five in man (Rivier and Clarke, 1997;Wallace et al, 2002). It is currently unknown to what extent human "belt" areas participate in specialised processing streams and how far their organisation is specifically adapted to speech processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of high-resolution 7-T fMRI was mandatory because of the relatively small size of the auditory areas (Rivier and Clarke, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where sound position influences sound object representations: A 7-T fMRI study

et al. 2011

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of high-resolution 7-T fMRI was mandatory because of the relatively small size of the auditory areas (Rivier and Clarke, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Where sound position influences sound object representations: A 7-T fMRI study

et al. 2011

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?sparse? temporal sampling in auditory fMRI

et al. 1999

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The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore central auditory function may be compromised by the intense bursts of stray acoustic noise produced by the scanner whenever the magnetic resonance signal is read out. We present results evaluating the use of one method to reduce the effect of the scanner noise: "sparse" temporal sampling. Using this technique, single volumes of brain images are acquired at the end of stimulus and baseline conditions. To optimize detection of the activation, images are taken near to the maxima and minima of the hemodynamic response during the experimental cycle. Thus, the effective auditory stimulus for the activation is not masked by the scanner noise. In experiment 1, the course of the hemodynamic response to auditory stimulation was mapped during continuous task performance. The mean peak of the response was at 10.5 sec after stimulus onset, with little further change until stimulus offset. In experiment 2, sparse imaging was used to acquire activation images. Despite the fewer samples with sparse imaging, this method successfully delimited broadly the same regions of activation as conventional continuous imaging. However, the mean percentage MR signal change within the region of interest was greater using sparse imaging. Auditory experiments that use continuous imaging methods may measure activation that is a result of an interaction between the stimulus and task factors (e.g., attentive effort) induced by the intense background noise. We suggest that sparse imaging is advantageous in auditory experiments as it ensures that the obtained activation depends on the stimulus alone.

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Distribution and projections of nitric oxide synthase neurons in the rodent superior olivary complex

Reuss

Riemann

2000

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The superior olivary complex (SOC), a group of interrelated brainstem nuclei, sends efferents to a variety of neuronal structures including the cochlea and the inferior colliculus. The present review describes data obtained from rodents providing evidence that the gaseous, short-living neuroactive substance nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the SOC. The NO-synthesizing enzyme neuronal NO-synthase (nNOS) has been localized by means of several methods including histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Perikarya containing nNOS were found in several nuclei of the SOC. Their largest numbers and percentages of total cells were observed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Stained terminals were observed mainly in the lateral superior olivary nucleus and in the superior paraolivary nucleus. While retrograde neuronal tracing identified a considerable number of nNOS-immunoreactive neurons as to be part of the olivo-cochlear pathway, the projection patterns of other nNOS-immunoreactive SOC cell groups remain to be investigated. We also review other putative sources of cochlear NO, and discuss the possible role of NO in the lower auditory brainstem and organ of Corti with regard to physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms.

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Cytochrome Oxidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and NADPH-Diaphorase Staining in Human Supratemporal and Insular Cortex: Evidence for Multiple Auditory Areas

Cited by 291 publications

References 37 publications

Where sound position influences sound object representations: A 7-T fMRI study

Where sound position influences sound object representations: A 7-T fMRI study

?sparse? temporal sampling in auditory fMRI

Distribution and projections of nitric oxide synthase neurons in the rodent superior olivary complex

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