Cytocidal effects of atheromatous plaque components: the death zone revisited

Abstract

Toxic materials within atheromatous lesions include both ceroid and even more cytotoxic lipidaceous materials. The cytotoxic effects of these plaque components may help explain the persistence of atherosclerotic lesions.

Activation of tumor suppressor protein PTEN and induction of apoptosis are involved in cAMP-mediated inhibition of cell number in B92 glial cells

“…2B), and cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei were observed by Hoechst 33342 staining 24 h after treatment with the stimuli (Fig. 2C, middle panel), which indicated an induction of apoptosis [9]. However, few cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei were observed 72 h after treatment with the stimuli (Fig.…”

Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induce Cell Death in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

“…For example, hydroxyapatite-containing "atherosclerotic gruel"-induced apoptosis in macrophages, 25 and calcium phosphate nanocrystals have been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. 26 In synovial fibroblasts, proliferation is enhanced in the presence of calcium phosphate crystals, 7 Because of the heterogeneous nature of VSMCs, it is possible that one population of VSMCs within each isolate has different calcium handling mechanisms, phagocytosis kinetics, or susceptibility to cell death.…”

Pathology of human plaque vulnerability: Mechanisms and consequences of intraplaque haemorrhages

“…Ceroids can remain present within the tissue, even when other RBC signatures have partly or completely disappeared. Intracellular ceroids are also highly cytotoxic participating in the formation of the necrotic core [51]. Immunoglobulins are colocalized with ceroids in plaques [52] and ceroid antibodies are present in the serum of patients [53], suggesting that outwardly convected extracellular ceroids could serve as neo-antigens for promoting the adaptive immune response in the adventitia [54,55].…”