Cytocompatibility with osteogenic cells and enhanced in vivo anti-infection potential of quaternized chitosan-loaded titania nanotubes

Abstract

Infection is one of the major causes of failure of orthopedic implants. Our previous study demonstrated that nanotube modification of the implant surface, together with nanotubes loaded with quaternized chitosan (hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan, HACC), could effectively inhibit bacterial adherence and biofilm formation in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate the in vitro cytocompatibility with osteogenic cells and the in vivo anti-infection activity of titanium implants with HACC-loaded nanotubes (NT-H). The titanium implant (Ti), nanotubes without polymer loading (NT), and nanotubes loaded with chitosan (NT-C) were fabricated and served as controls. Firstly, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of these specimens with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. The observation of cell attachment, proliferation, spreading, and viability in vitro showed that NT-H has improved osteogenic activity compared with Ti and NT-C. A prophylaxis rat model with implantation in the femoral medullary cavity and inoculation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was established and evaluated by radiographical, microbiological, and histopathological assessments. Our in vivo study demonstrated that NT-H coatings exhibited significant anti-infection capability compared with the Ti and NT-C groups. In conclusion, HACC-loaded nanotubes fabricated on a titanium substrate show good compatibility with osteogenic cells and enhanced anti-infection ability in vivo, providing a good foundation for clinical application to combat orthopedic implant-associated infections.

Quaternized chitosan promotes the antiproliferative effect of vemurafenib in melanoma cells by increasing cell permeability

“…As a biodegradable nontoxic biopolymer derived from chitosan, quaternized chitosan exhibits satisfactory antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, as elaborately described in our previous studies. 15 – 17 Moreover, we also found that quaternized chitosan-coated sutures showed comparable anti-infection potential and cytocompatibility with triclosan-coated sutures. 18 It has been verified that quaternized chitosan with positively charged quaternary ammonium groups exerts broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects via electrostatic interactions with microbes with negatively charged phosphoryl groups, thus affecting the cytoplasmic membrane integrity.…”

“…Quaternized chitosan was prepared by combining glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride and chitosan as previously reported. 15 – 18 A 10 mM vemurafenib solution was produced by dissolving the chemical in 1 mL DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich Co.).…”

Mechanical, In Vitro Corrosion Resistance and Biological Compatibility of Cast and Annealed Ti25Nb10Zr Alloy

“…By determining the work of adhesion, the interaction of cells with the metallic implant surfaces can be predicted. In the literature, it was reported that a higher value of work adhesion than 60 mN/m indicated a high adhesion of the cell to implant surface [59]. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the osteonectine and osteocalcin genes were more attached to the hydrophilic surfaces with high work adhesion [59,60].…”

Preferential Colonization of Osteoblasts Over Co-cultured Bacteria on a Bifunctional Biomaterial Surface

“…The cell viability of the various sample surfaces was analyzed by a Live/Dead Cell kit (ab115347, Abcam, United Kingdom) as described previously ( Yang et al, 2016a ). After co-culturing for 24 h, the samples were stained with 500 μL of a combination dye for 10 min, and then detected by CLSM.…”

“…The bacterial viability on various sample surfaces was analyzed using a Live/Dead BacLight viability kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) ( Yang et al, 2016a ). Briefly, after co-culturing for 24 h, the samples were stained with 500 μL of a combination dye and visualized by CLSM.…”