Cytogenetic aberrations in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia

“…Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q) occur in approximately 4–10% of childhood ALL (105, 106). In about one third of cases the 6q deletion is the sole karyotypic change.…”

Section: Structural Chromosomal Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Harrison

Foroni

2002

Rev Clin Exp Hematol

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An important factor in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is that karyotype is an independent prognostic indicator, with an impact on the choice of treatment. Outcome is related to the number of chromosomes. For example, high hyperdiploidy (51-65 chromosomes) is associated with a good prognosis, whereas patients with near haploidy (23-29 chromosomes) have a poor outcome. The discovery of recurring chromosomal abnormalities in the leukemic blasts of patients with ALL has identified a large number of genes involved in leukemogenesis. Certain specific genetic changes are related to prognosis. The ETV6/AML1 fusion arising from the translocation (t12;21) (p13;q22) has been associated with a good outcome; the BCR/ABL fusion of (t9;22)(q34;q11), rearrangements of the MLL gene, and abnormalities of the short arm of chromosomes 9 involving the tumor suppressor genes p16INK4A have a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the classification of patients into prognostic groups based on cytogenetics is not always as predicted. Even when other clinically based risk factors are taken into account, some patients with good-risk cytogenetic features will relapse. In the search for new measures of prognosis, it has recently emerged that the level of minimal residual disease following induction therapy can be a reliable predictor of outcome in ALL.

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“…Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q) occur in approximately 4-10% of childhood ALL (105,106). In about one third of cases the 6q deletion is the sole karyotypic change.…”

Section: Deletions Of the Long Arm Of Chromosomementioning

confidence: 99%