Cytogenetic and hematological effects in plastics workers exposed to styrene.

Ceppi

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

et al. 2016

Styrene is a building-block of several compounds used in a wide array of materials and products. The most important human exposure to this substance occurs in industrial settings, especially among reinforced-plastics industry workers. The effect of occupational exposure to styrene on cytogenetics biomarkers has been previously reviewed with positive association observed for chromosomal aberrations, and inconclusive data for the micronucleus assay. Some limitations were noted in those studies, including inadequate exposure assessment and poor epidemiological design. Furthermore, in earlier studies micronuclei frequency was measured with protocols not as reliable as cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate genomic instability and DNA damage as measured by the CBMN assay in lymphocytes of subjects exposed to styrene. A total of 11 studies published between 2004 and 2012 were included in the meta-analysis encompassing 479 styrene-exposed workers and 510 controls. The quality of each study was estimated by a quality scoring system which ranked studies according to the consideration of major confounders, exposure characterization, and technical parameters. An overall increase of micronuclei frequencies was found in styrene-exposure workers when compared to referents (meta-MR 1.34; 95% CI 1.18-1.52), with significant increases achieved in six individual studies. The consistency of results in individual studies, the independence of this result from major confounding factors and from the quality of the study strengthens the reliability of risk estimates and supports the use of the CBMN assay in monitoring genetic risk in styrene workers.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human populations exposed to styrene: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ceppi

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

et al. 2016

“…Studies have shown adverse effects on haematological parameters in cigarette smokers [6][7][8][9][10][11] , agricultural 12,13 and industrial workers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Very little attention has been paid to study the effects of tobacco exposure on haematological parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tobacco dust on Haematological Parameters in rural women beedi rollers living in northern region of Telangana State

2018

jcbsc

Beedi is a south Indian slim and popular cheapest handmade cigarette made up of 0.2-0.3 g unfiltered tobacco flakes but it carries greater health risks to humans as it contains about 4000 active chemical compounds of which more than 50 are carcinogenic and mutagenic including nicotine, TSNA, carbon monoxide and other volatile components. Beedi rollers thus handle tobacco flakes and inhale tobacco dust as well as volatile components of tobacco in their work environment that have a more adverse effect on their health. 253 women beedi rollers in the age group of 18-50 yrs exposed to tobacco dust and for comparison equal number of women in the same age group belonging to socio economic status and not exposed occupationally to any chemical compound (control group) were enrolled for the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from both the groups and complete blood picture (CBP) was studied using fully automatic haematological analyser. The results have shown significantly higher levels of white blood cell (p<0.001), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.0001) and haematocrit (P = 0.0071) and significantly decreased levels of haemoglobin (P < 0.0001), RBC count (P < 0.0001) and RDW CV (P = 0.0023) in beedi rollers compared to controls.In conclusion, our data suggest that occupational exposure to tobacco dust result in severe adverse effects on haematological parameters in beedi rollers.

Styrene, Polyphenyls, and Related Compounds

Banton

Rushton²,

Steneholm³

2023

Patty's Toxicology

This chemical group consists of aromatic hydrocarbons whose molecular structures contain single aromatic rings separated by single chemical bonds or from simple groups containing unsaturated carbon atoms. Included are styrene, vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, allylbenzene, α‐methyl styrene, phenylacetylene, diphenyl, methylbiphenyl, diphenylmethane, stilbene, and terphenyl. These compounds generally occur as volatile liquids under normal conditions, and possess low vapor pressures, volatility, absorbability, and solubility in aqueous media. Higher molecular weight derivatives are volatile solids. They are primary skin irritants and ocular exposure can cause corneal irritation and damage. Direct aerosol deposition or ingestion and subsequent aspiration can cause pulmonary damage and pneumonitis. They generally have low to moderate acute toxicity and, following repeated exposures, can cause local site‐of contact irritation and systemic toxicity primarily in the nasal cavity, lung, liver, kidney, and bladder. Sensitization reactions are generally not reported. Mixed findings have been reported in genotoxicity studies. These substances generally appear to be carcinogenic in animals, with increase tumor incidences reported in mouse lungs and liver and rat kidney and bladder. These substances can cause acute CNS depression at high exposures but only styrene is reported to produce neurological effects following repeated exposure, specifically toxicity to hearing, color vision, and olfaction. There is some evidence that these substances may produce reproductive and developmental effects. Their environmental fate and disposition are variable, whereas all are demonstrated or expected to be toxic to aquatic organisms.