Cytogenetic effects of extremely low doses of plutonium-238 alpha-particle irradiation in CHO K-1 cells

Nagasawa, Hiromichi; Little, John B.; Inkret, W.C.; Carpenter, S.G.; Thompson, K.A.; Raju, M. R.; Chen, D.J.; Strniste, G.F.

doi:10.1016/0165-7992(90)90134-6

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Using immortalized CHO cells, Nagasawa and coworkers (4,5,32,33) have reported evidence consistent with the possibility that a particles, like those emitted by radon and radon progeny, can cause cytogenetic alterations in the form of SCEs by a mechanism(s) that does not solely involve direct interactions of a particles with cell nuclei. How this phenomenon may extend to normal human cells has not been assessed previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Alpha-Particle-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchange in Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts: Evidence for an Extranuclear Target

Deshpande¹,

Goodwin²,

Bailey³

et al. 1996

Radiation Research

261

111

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We investigated the relationship between nuclear hits by alpha particles and the subsequent occurrence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in normal human diploid lung fibroblasts (HFL1). Cells were exposed to 238Pu alpha particles at doses ranging from 0.4-12.9 cGy and subsequently analyzed for SCEs. A significant increase in SCE frequency was observed even at the lowest dose examined. The extent of induction of SCEs in the HFL1 cells showed dose dependency in the very low dose range, i.e. 0.4-2.0 cGy. Thereafter, induction of SCEs was independent of dose. Based on measurements of the nuclear areas of the HFL1 cells in conjunction with target theory calculations, the lowest dose resulted in an approximately 8.6-fold increase in the percentage of cells showing excessive SCEs over the theoretically expected percentage of cells whose nuclei were calculated to be traversed by one or more alpha particles. The extent of the discrepancies between theoretically expected and experimentally observed frequencies of SCEs became progressively reduced with increasing radiation dose. We additionally determined that SCEs induced by the alpha particles have no significant dependency on the time of cell collection after exposure to a selected dose of alpha particles, thereby confirming that the differences between the theoretically predicted and observed SCE frequencies were not due to an artifact of the time of cell sampling for the SCE measurements. These results obtained with normal human cells are similar to those of other investigators who observed excessive SCEs in immortalized rodent cells beyond that which could be attributed exclusively to nuclear traversals by alpha particles. Such consistent findings point to the existence of an alternative, extranuclear target through which alpha particles cause DNA damage, as detected by SCE analysis. The existence of an extranuclear compartment as a target for alpha particles may have important implications for the susceptibility of lung cells to the DNA-damaging effects of alpha-particle exposure due to the inhalation of radon progeny.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Alpha-Particle-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchange in Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts: Evidence for an Extranuclear Target

Deshpande¹,

Goodwin²,

Bailey³

et al. 1996

Radiation Research

261

111

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“…Incidence of deletions slightly exceeded levels genomic level (Table VI) showed that about two-thirds of misspliced mutants (23/35) carried mutations in the established for spontaneous mutational spectra [Albertini et al, 1992] only in one case (SP5), and no correlation splice sites, exons, or deletions involving one or two exons. 52.2% of the elucidated splicing errors were caused was observed for gross rearrangements with accumulated dose, duration of flights, or age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular analysis of mutations in T-lymphocytes from experienced Soviet cosmonauts

Khaidakov

Young

Erfle

et al. 1997

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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Somatic mutation in five cosmonauts who have completed spaceflights of 7 to 365 days was analyzed using the clonal HPRT assay. The doses received in space by the cosmonauts ranged from 4 to 127 mGy. hprt mutant frequencies were 2.4–5.0‐fold higher than age‐corrected values established for healthy, unexposed subjects in western countries [Tates et al. (1991): Mutat Res 253:199–213; Branda et al. (1993): Mutat Res 285:267–279] and 2‐ to 3‐fold higher than those determined for unexposed individuals residing in Russia [Jones et al. (1995): Mutat Res 338:129–139]. A total of 107 collected mutant clones were analyzed by multiplex PCR. No excess of deletions was detected and their frequency did not correlate with either accumulated dose or the age of the cosmonauts. In 62 mutants cDNA was isolated by RT‐PCR and sequenced. Those with splicing errors, as well as the mutants that did not produce cDNA, were further analyzed by the sequencing of exon(s)‐containing fragments amplified from genomic DNA. The mutational spectrum recovered from the cosmonauts differed substantially from that of unexposed healthy subjects (P = 0.042), and exhibited an increased incidence of splicing errors, frameshifts, and complex mutations. Higher frequencies of contribution of AT → GC transitions and GC → TA transversions were also observed. The increased mutant frequencies and observed shifts in mutational spectra likely indicate a combination of potential influences, including environment, lifestyle, and occupational exposures. Further elucidation of these potential influences will require a more extensive study involving the general population sharing similar environment, cosmonauts in training and cosmonauts participating in space flights. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30:21–30, 1997 © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…For spectrum filtration analysis, the testing chemical solution was filled in quartz optical cuvette with a 10 mm path, and the passed light spectrum was analyzed with the ASEQ LR1 spectroradiometer. For absolute filtration analysis, 15 mL conical tubes were cut and covered one side with an 1.5 µm thickness Myler membrane [38], which has minimal UV absorption. Tubes were filled with 1 mL of tested compounds and passed light strength was obtained with UVX radiometer with UVB or UVC probes.…”

Section: Filtration Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside Pretreatment Protects Cells from Ionizing Radiation, UVC, and Short Wavelength of UVB

Maeda

Allum

Mussallem

et al. 2020

Genes

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Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), glucosylated ascorbic acid (AA), has superior properties for bioavailability and stability compared to AA. Although AA2G has shown radioprotective properties similar to AA, effects for UV light, especially UVC and UVB, are not studied. AA2G was tested for cytotoxicity and protective effects against ionizing radiation, UVC, and broadband and narrowband UVB in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and compared to AA and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Pretreatment with DMSO, AA, and AA2G showed comparative protective effects in CHO wild type and radiosensitive xrs5 cells for cell death against ionizing radiation with reducing the number of radiation-induced DNA damages. Pretreatment with AA and AA2G protected CHO wild type and UV sensitive UV135 cells from UVC and broadband UV, but not from narrowband UVB. DMSO showed no protective effects against tested UV. The UV filtration effects of AA and AA2G were analyzed with a spectrometer and spectroradiometer. AA and AA2G blocked UVC and reduced short wavelengths of UVB, but had no effect on wavelengths above 300 nm. These results suggest that AA2G protects cells from radiation by acting as a radical scavenger to reduce initial DNA damage, as well as protecting cells from certain UVB wavelengths by filtration.

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Cytogenetic effects of extremely low doses of plutonium-238 alpha-particle irradiation in CHO K-1 cells

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Alpha-Particle-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchange in Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts: Evidence for an Extranuclear Target

Alpha-Particle-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchange in Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts: Evidence for an Extranuclear Target

Molecular analysis of mutations in T-lymphocytes from experienced Soviet cosmonauts

Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside Pretreatment Protects Cells from Ionizing Radiation, UVC, and Short Wavelength of UVB

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