Cytogenetic peculiarities of the genesis of apical meristem cells in case of gametophytic apomixis (with reference to autonomous Asteraceae apomicts)

Кашин, А. С.; Tsvetova, M. I.; Demochko, Yu. A.

doi:10.3103/s009545271102006x

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Asteraceae species plants found to be mixoploid within its individual plants were Cosmos caudatus, Elephantopus scaber, Tridax procumbens, Mikania micrantha, Sphagneticola trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyanthillium cinereum, Chromolaena odorata, Synedrella nodiflora, Youngia japonica, Eclipta prostrata, and Porophyllum ruderale. Kashin et al (2011) explained that mixoploidy in Asteraceae is related to the phenomenon of apomixis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the probable mechanisms explaining this variation is the occurrence of euploidy and aneuploidy. According to Kashin et al (2011), alterations in ploidy levels, such as aneuploidy and mixoploidy, are commonly found in the apical meristem cells of Asteraceae of apomictic type. The variation in ploidy levels indicates that some Asteraceae species are able to reproduce sexually, while others reproduce by facultative apomixis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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Salamah A, Oktarina R, Ambarwati EA, Putri DF, Dwiranti A, Andayani N. 2018. Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2079-2087. Asteraceae is the largest plant family, comprising of more than 1,600 genera and 23,000 species with a worldwide distribution. Many species of Asteraceae are found to be very significantly abundant in a range of habitats and are used as sources of medicines, food, forage, and other useful products. Many cytological studies have been carried out on Asteraceae. However, information about the chromosome numbers of Asteraceae in Indonesia is still very limited. In this study, the chromosome numbers of 15 species of Asteraceae found around the Universitas Indonesia campus were counted. For chromosomal preparations, the root/shoot tips were pretreated with 2 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline, stained with aceto-orcein, prepared using the squash method, and then observed with a microscope. Of the 15 species, 12 showed variation in chromosome numbers: Cosmos caudatus, Elephantopus scaber, Tridax procumbens, Mikania micrantha, Sphagneticola trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyanthillium cinereum, Chromolaena odorata, Synedrella nodiflora, Youngia japonica, Eclipta prostrata, and Porophyllum ruderale. The other three species showed no variation in chromosome number: Emilia sonchifolia (2n=10), Sonchus arvensis (2n=18), and Cosmos sulphureus (2n=24). We also found new variations in chromosome numbers that have not yet been listed in the Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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“…Further more, within one apex, we found the cells with up to 3-4 different levels of ploidy, often with the number of chromosomes not multiple of the main number. It was singled out that the number of excess or lacking chro mosomes at aneuploidy significantly varies even within one apex (Kashin et al, 2008;2011). The degree of occurrence of aneu and mixoploids is so high (up to 30-60% of the number of the studied plants and their descendants) that there are grounds to suggest a regular and lawful character of their appear ance in autonomous apomicts Asteraceae.…”

Section: Cytogenetic Peculiarities Of Genesismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2 In Table 1, as an example, we put a small part of the obtained results. The detailed results of the study to reveal the nature of karyotype variability in the series of species of the Asteraceae autonomous apomicts were presented in our previous paper (Kashin et al, 2011). the phenomena of aneu and mixoploidy are inherent to them to a large extent ( Fig.…”

Section: Cytogenetic Peculiarities Of Genesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Genesis of cells of apical meristems and realization of gametophytic apomixis in flowering plants

Кашин

2012

Russ J Dev Biol

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Based on our own and literature data on peculiarities of caryotypical variability, we concluded that gametophytic apomixis is naturally accompanied with phenomena of poly , aneu , and mixoploidy and that apomicts have genome instability manifesting at the level of meristematic somatic cells. In this connection, a hypothesis is substantiated that realization of this mode of seed reproduction in flowering plants is caused by modification of systems of cell cycle control, following after acts of hybridogenesis and/or polyploidization. It is concluded that instability of the seed reproduction system by gametophytic apomixis manifests not only at the stage of choice of a seed reproduction pathway (apomeiosis-euspory; apozygosis-zygosis) but also in all the cycles of reproduction of the cells of a germ line in plant ontogenesis.

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“…The formation of parthenogenetic embryos takes place in diplosporous embryo sacs of the Polygonum-type, these embryos develop to the globular stage and their further development does not take place due to the absence of endosperm formation [6]. Low indices of seed formation are notable for many other species regardless of diplosporous types and this is one of the unsolved problems for application of diplospory/apomixis in (molecular) plant breeding [1,7,8]. In most species, nucellar and integumental embryony is combined with generative parthenogenesis and embryos which get into the embryo sac from outside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

Agric. sci. pract.

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Aim.To evaluate the effi ciency of inducing generative, reduced parthenogenesis and to better use the differentiating potential of the embryo culture under apomictic seed production in selection materials of sugar beet with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and B) to isolate homozygous lines (dihaploids) without the use of polyploidizing substances. Methods. Apomictic (agamospermous) seed production in apocarpous pollen sterile lines from B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima (sugar beet) using classical so-called Owen sterile cytoplasm and sterile cytoplasm from Beta maritimа and Beta patula as sources, was conducted under pollen free conditions and spatial isolation in the greenhouse breeding complex of the Yaltushkivska experimental breeding station (Yaltushki, Ukraine). The specifi cities of embryonic development of apomictic embryos were studied with the purpose of effi cient regulation of the induction of explants in vitro as donors of the culture of immature embryos. Fluorescent fl ow cytophotometry in combination with the computer program of the Partec Ploidy Analyser PA-2 (Partec GmbH, Germany, now Sysmex), were used to determine the degree of ploidy, enabling the selection of haploid and dihaploid lines in vitro. A genetic method was developed using the expression of morphological marker indices of nuclear genes of anthocyanin coloring (R+r-) of regenerant plants in vitro and ploidy determination for differentiation by generative (reduced) parthenogenesis. The sampling technique that took into account the hormonal composition of cultural media and the level of genome ploidy, sample frequency and statistical analysis of the results was determined using the appropriate statistics; the percentage of regenerants, induced by different types of morphogenesis and ploidy in vitro, was determined along with the measurement error to control the accuracy of the selected sampling (number of seed embryos). Results. The selected cultural medium No. 3, based on the basal medium according to Gamberg et al., 1968 (21), contained 6 BAP -2 mg/l, 2.4 D -0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid -0.1 mg/l, which ensured a success rate of 4.4 to 23.3 % of direct regeneration of shoots from the embryo culture, depending on the genotype of donors, and 4-10 % for induction and proliferation of callus. In ten experimental numbers of alloplasmic lines of sugar beet, the incidence of haploids and mixoploids among the regenerants from the embryo culture fl uctuated within the wide range of 14.8 -62.2 % and exceeded the indices, obtained by other known methods of haploid parthenogamy, which had the values of 3.79 -6.25 %. Conclusions. The homozygous lines and dihaploids were determined and set apart/stabilized in the process of micropropagation, where the differentiation of clones was made on the basis of total DNA content in interphase nuclei, using information of histograms generated in fl uorescent fl ow cytometry with the Partec Ploidy Analyser PA-II instrumentation. The medium, based on macro-and microsalts according to Gamberg et al., 1...

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Cytogenetic peculiarities of the genesis of apical meristem cells in case of gametophytic apomixis (with reference to autonomous Asteraceae apomicts)

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia

Chromosome numbers of some Asteraceae species from Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia

Genesis of cells of apical meristems and realization of gametophytic apomixis in flowering plants

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