Cytogenetic study of organic and inorganic toxic substances onAllium cepa, Lactuca sativa, andHydra attenuata cells

Abstract

Assessment of genotoxicity using the micronucleus assay for demonstration of chromo-) ( some aberrations and the frequency of double nuclei in cells and cytotoxicity here changes in ) quantitative characteristics of nucleoli were measured as a parameter of cell metabolism for different organic and inorganic toxic substances was conducted with three organisms, namely, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa,and Hydra attenuata. Comparative analyses and discussion of data along with results obtained on toxicity and mutagenicity were also performed. Besides correlation between some results, discrepancies were observed as well. For instance, the organic compound lindane had a weak toxicity, but the highest indices of genotoxicity, whereas the very toxic mercury was one of the least in terms of genotoxicity. The noted difference in values of toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity indicates the importance of using an integrated approach to toxicity testing which combines several methods to obtain a more objective and realistic estimation of a chemical toxicity. With this purpose, the trio of methods including the Muta-ChromoPlate test as a modified version of the standard Ames Fluctuation assay, the micronucleus assay, and the nucleolar biomarker are thus proposed for the routine monitoring of chemical toxicity. ᮊ

The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review

“…A number of transgenic and bioassay techniques have been recommended for assessing the genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants on plants including random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), micronucleus (MCN) induction, or Comet assay (Steinkellner et al 1998;Angelis et al 2000;Arkhipchuk et al 2000;DeWolf et al 2004;Kovalchuk et al 2001;Liu et al 2005b).…”

The use of the Cytogenetic to Identify Mechanisms of Action of an Azo Dye in Allium Cepa Meristematic Cells

“…A size variation of these nucleoli both inside one single cell and among the cells was also observed (Table 3, Figure 4 H-J). According to some scientists, the variation in the number of nucleoli in plants results from the action of genotoxic agents [73]. This study showed a substantial variation within the quantity of nucleoli in the A. cepa meristematic cells after exposure to the azo dye concentrations.…”

Ecotoxicity of Snowpack Collected from Selected Sites in Québec, Canada

“…Hydra bioassays have indeed been reported sensitive to a wide spectrum of contaminants of metallic, organic, or mixed origin (Blaise and Kusui 1997;Pardos et al 1999;Arkhipchuk et al 2000;Holdway 2005), as have cytotoxicity tests conducted with rainbow trout primary hepatocytes (Strmac and Braunbeck 2002;Finne et al 2007). Overall, these responses reflected slight acute (class II), acute (class III), and high acute (class IV) hazard indicating the presence of varying degrees of contamination in snow collected from these sites.…”