Cytogenetic Study of Three Microhylid Species (Anura, Microhylidae) from Thailand

Abstract

The cytogenetics of the ornamented pygmy frog (Microhyla fissipes), painted chorus frog (M. pulchra) and narrow-mouthed frog (M. heymonsi) were studied in the aspect of chromosome numbers, morphology and nucleolus organizer region (NOR) locations. For this present study, we provided the karyotype and idiogram of these three species by conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques. The 10 male and female samples of those three species were collected in Northeast Thailand. The metaphase chromosome preparations were prepared from the bone marrows by the standard protocol. To stain the chromosomes, 10% Giemsa s and 50% silver nitrate were applied. The results showed that all three species had the same diploid chromosome number of 2n=24, and fundamental numbers (NF) were 48 in both males and females. The chromosomes of M. fissipes were comprised of 16m+6sm+XY (X and Y were metacentric chromosomes). M. pulchra had chromosomes consisting of 12m+12sm and M. heymonsi had chromosomes comprising of 18m+6 with no obvious difference in size of sex chromosomes for the two species. M. fissipes and M. pulchra had the same NORs adjacent to the subcentromeric on the long arm of chromosome pair 9, while M. heymonsi had the NOR location on the short arm of chromosome pair 2 close to the centromere. For this case, we suggested that chromosome morphology and the NOR location is still a useful cytological character for taxonomic and evolutionary studies.

First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866)

“…The single NOR-bearing chromosomes in the C B A present result are most likely homologous to that observed in Sphoeroides greeleyi (Brum et al 1995) and S. testudineus (Sá-Gabriel and Molina 2005). A single NORbearing chromosome is a common characteristic found in many fish groups as well as vertebrates (Supiwong et al 2010, 2012a,b, 2013b, Chooseangjaew et al 2017Kasiroek et al 2017;Phimphan et al 2017;Sangpakdee et al 2017;Chaiyasan et al 2018). NOR mapping is frequently used to compare variations, as well as to identify and explain speciation.…”

“…After that, slides were soaked in distilled water until the coverslips were separated. The slide was stained with 20% Giemsa's solution for 1 min (Sangpakdee et al 2017, Chaiyasan et al 2018.…”

Karyotype and Idiogram of the Axis Deer (<i>Axia axis</i>, Cervidae) by Conventional Staining, GTG-, High-Resolution GTG-, and Ag-NOR-Banding Techniques

“…Blood samples of the Axis axis (two males and two females) were collected from Khon Kaen Zoo, Thailand and then applied to cytogenetic experimentations by lymphocyte culture of whole blood samples. The culture cells were treated with a colchicine-hypotonic-fixationair-drying technique followed by conventional staining, GTG-, high-resolution GTG-and Ag-NOR banding techniques (Rooney 2001, Campiranon 2003, Sangpakdee et al 2017. For 20 cells of each individual chromosome, checks, length measurements, karyotype and idiogram analysis were accomplished by using a light microscope as previously described (Chaiyasut 1989, Chooseangjaew et al 2017.…”

Karyotype and Idiogram of Indian Hog Deer (<i>Hyelaphus porcinus</i>) by Conventional Staining, GTG-, High-Resolution and Ag-NOR Banding Techniques

“…Blood samples of the H. porcinus (two males and two females) were collected from Khon Kaen Zoo, Thailand and then applied to cytogenetic studies by lymphocyte culture of whole blood samples. The culture cells were treated with a colchicine-hypotonic-fixationair-drying technique followed by conventional staining, GTG-, high-resolution and Ag-NOR banding techniques (Rooney 2001, Campiranon 2003, Sangpakdee et al 2017. For 20 cells of each individual chromosome, checks, length measurements, karyotype and idiogram analysis were accomplished by using a light microscope as previously described (Chooseangjaew et al 2017).…”