Cytogenetics in multiple myeloma patients progressing into extramedullary disease

Abstract

These data show that plasma cells harbor more aberrations during their transformation into extramedullary form.

Carfilzomib and dexamethasone for extramedullary myeloma with pleuropericardial involvement

“…EMM at relapse and/or associated with soft tissues is more aggressive than when present at diagnosis and/or bone related. Our patient fulfilled several adverse prognosis characteristics, as the EMM was detected in a late relapse, affecting only soft tissues, that is, pericardium and pleura, and displaying chromosomal alterations related with the development of EMM, such as t (4;14), del (13)(q14), and disruption of IgH (14q32) .…”

Relapse of Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Lower Lip Numbness

“…8 Recent advances in therapy-for instance, the introduction of thalidomide and lenalidomide as treatments for MM-may contribute to increases in the incidence of EMM. 6,8 These drugs have been shown to have antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects that alter the production of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α; this in turn …”

Carfilzomib Based Treatment Strategies in the Management of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma with Extramedullary Disease

“…Carfilzomib was given on day 1,2,8,9,15, and 16 as intravenous (IV) short infusion in a 28-day cycle. We started carfilzomib at a dose of 20 mg/m 2 on day 1 and 2 of the first cycle, and the dose was increased to 27 mg/m 2 on day 8 if tolerated.…”

“…C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and hypoxia have also been reported to play a potential role in EMD growth [6,7]. Moreover, high-risk cytogenetics are significantly enriched in MM with EMD [8][9][10][11][12], and studies consistently showed EMD to be associated with poor outcome [12][13][14][15][16]. To date, there is no established approach for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with EMD.…”