Cytogenetics of the Black Fly Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti from Thailand

Pramual, Pairot; Wongpakam, Komgrit; Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow

doi:10.1508/cytologia.73.293

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A tendency for chromosomal monomorphism characterizes not only S. suzukii on Okinawa, but also Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti on Guam and Okinawa [14], even though polymorphisms are common in this species on the mainland [37]. The only previous chromosomal study of a black fly on the Ryukyu Islands is that of S. ( Gomphostilbia ) yaeyamaense , which is precinctive to the Yaeyama Island group [38], about 370 km southwest of Okinawa Island.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrogenomic Evidence for the Origin of the Black Fly Simulium suzukii (Diptera: Simuliidae) on Okinawa Island, Japan

et al. 2013

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To determine the geographic origin of the black fly Simulium suzukii on Okinawa Island, Japan, macrogenomic profiles derived from its polytene chromosomes were compared with those of mainland and other insular populations of S. suzukii and of the isomorphic Simulium tani species complex. The Okinawan population is a chromosomally unique cytoform, designated ‘D,’ which is essentially monomorphic and differs by about 27 fixed rearrangements from the chromosomal standard sequence for the subgenus Simulium and by two fixed differences from its nearest known relative, representing the type of S. suzukii, on the main islands of Japan. Chromosomal band sequences revealed two additional, sympatric cytoforms of S. suzukii, designated ‘A’ and ‘B,’ each with species status, in Korea, and a third cytoform, designated ‘C,’ on Hokkaido, Japan. A new cytoform, ‘K,’ of S. tani from Malaysia, representing the type of S. tani, is more closely related to cytoforms in Thailand, as are populations from Taiwan previously treated as S. suzukii but more closely aligned with S. tani and newly recognized as cytoform ‘L’ of the latter nominal species. Rooting of chromosomal band sequences by outgroup comparisons allowed directionality of chromosomal rearrangements to be established, enabling phylogenetic inference of cytoforms. Of 41 macrogenomic rearrangements discovered in the five new cytoforms, four provide evidence for a stepwise origin of the Okinawan population from populations characteristic of the main islands of Japan. The macrogenomic approach applied to black flies on Okinawa Island illustrates its potential utility in defining source areas for other species of flies including those that might pose medical and veterinary risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrogenomic Evidence for the Origin of the Black Fly Simulium suzukii (Diptera: Simuliidae) on Okinawa Island, Japan

et al. 2013

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“…Similar to the studies by Thaijarern, Sopaladawan [ 49 ] and Pramual, Jomkumsing [ 20 ], S. ( N. ) aureohirtum in our study was divided into two lineages, considered different taxa, that are genetically different, with a maximum distance of 7.96%. However, no evidence was found of sibling species in S. ( N. ) aureohirtum in Thailand [ 50 ]. Further analyses are required to determine whether the two lineages are different species [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Indonesia

Hew,

Ya’cob,

Adler

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background DNA barcoding is a valuable taxonomic tool for rapid and accurate species identification and cryptic species discovery in black flies. Indonesia has 143 nominal species of black flies, but information on their biological aspects, including vectorial capacity and biting habits, remains underreported, in part because of identification problems. The current study represents the first comprehensive DNA barcoding of Indonesian black flies using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Methods Genomic DNA of Indonesian black fly samples were extracted and sequenced, producing 86 COI sequences in total. Two hundred four COI sequences, including 118 GenBank sequences, were analysed. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees were constructed and species delimitation analyses, including ASAP, GMYC and single PTP, were performed to determine whether the species of Indonesian black flies could be delineated. Intra- and interspecific genetic distances were also calculated and the efficacy of COI sequences for species identification was tested. Results The DNA barcodes successfully distinguished most morphologically distinct species (> 80% of sampled taxa). Nonetheless, high maximum intraspecific distances (3.32–13.94%) in 11 species suggested cryptic diversity. Notably, populations of the common taxa Simulium (Gomphostilbia) cheongi, S. (Gomphostilbia) sheilae, S. (Nevermannia) feuerborni and S. (Simulium) tani in the islands of Indonesia were genetically distinct from those on the Southeast Asian mainland (Malaysia and Thailand). Integrated morphological, cytogenetic and nuclear DNA studies are warranted to clarify the taxonomic status of these more complex taxa. Conclusions The findings showed that COI barcoding is a promising taxonomic tool for Indonesian black flies. The DNA barcodes will aid in correct identification and genetic study of Indonesian black flies, which will be helpful in the control and management of potential vector species. Graphical abstract

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“…Simulium aureohirtum exhibits a high level of intraspecific genetic variation (maximum = 8.42%) comparable to values in previous studies [ 28 , 29 ] and forms two supported lineages, in accordance with a previous phylogeographic study based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) sequences [ 85 ]. However, no evidence of chromosomally defined species has been found in S. aureohirtum from Thailand [ 86 ]. A cytogenetic study is needed for populations in Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From bites to barcodes: uncovering the hidden diversity of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Vietnam

Putt,

Ya’cob,

Adler

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background Prompt and precise identification of black flies (Simuliidae) is crucial, given their biting behaviour and significant impact on human and animal health. To address the challenges presented by morphology and chromosomes in black fly taxonomy, along with the limited availability of molecular data pertaining to the black fly fauna in Vietnam, this study employed DNA-based approaches. Specifically, we used mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes to distinguish nominal species of black flies in Vietnam. Methods In this study, 135 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were established for 45 species in the genus Simulium in Vietnam, encompassing three subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia, and Simulium), with 64 paratypes of 27 species and 16 topotypes of six species. Of these COI sequences, 71, representing 27 species, are reported for the first time. Results Combined with GenBank sequences of specimens from Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, a total of 234 DNA barcodes of 53 nominal species resulted in a 71% success rate for species identification. Species from the non-monophyletic Simulium asakoae, S. feuerborni, S. multistriatum, S. striatum, S. tuberosum, and S. variegatum species groups were associated with ambiguous or incorrect identifications. Pairwise distances, phylogenetics, and species delimitation analyses revealed a high level of cryptic diversity, with discovery of 15 cryptic taxa. The current study also revealed the limited utility of a fast-evolving nuclear gene, big zinc finger (BZF), in discriminating closely related, morphologically similar nominal species of the S. asakoae species group. Conclusion This study represents the first comprehensive molecular genetic analysis of the black fly fauna in Vietnam to our knowledge, providing a foundation for future research. DNA barcoding exhibits varying levels of differentiating efficiency across species groups but is valuable in the discovery of cryptic diversity. Graphical abstract

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Cytogenetics of the Black Fly Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti from Thailand

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Macrogenomic Evidence for the Origin of the Black Fly Simulium suzukii (Diptera: Simuliidae) on Okinawa Island, Japan

Macrogenomic Evidence for the Origin of the Black Fly Simulium suzukii (Diptera: Simuliidae) on Okinawa Island, Japan

DNA barcoding of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Indonesia

From bites to barcodes: uncovering the hidden diversity of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Vietnam

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