Cytogenetics Study and Characterization of Sumatra Serow, <i>Capricornis sumatraensis</i> (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) by Classical and FISH Techniques

Abstract

Summary Karyological analysis in the Sumatra serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) from Thailand were conducted. Blood samples were taken from two male and two female serows. After standard whole blood lymphocytes had been cultured at 37 C for 72 h in the presence of colchicine, metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional, GTG-, high-resolution, Ag-NOR banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of C. sumatraensis was 2n=48 and the fundamental number (NF) for both sexes were 60. The types of autosomes were 2 large metacentric, 4 large submetacentric, 2 large acrocentric, 2 medium telocentric, 4 small submetacentric and 32 small telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was a medium telocentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was a smallest telocentric chromosome. From the GTG-banding and high-resolution techniques, the numbers of bands in the C. sumatraensis were 147 and 207, respectively, and each chromosome pair could be clearly differentiated. In addition, the long arm near telomere (subtelomeric region) of chromosome pairs 2, 3 and 4 showed clearly observable heteromorphic nucleolar organization regions (NORs) (2a2b, 3a3b, 4a4b). This is the first report on natural polymorphism of NORs. The microsatellites d(AC) 15 accumulated at the telomeres of several pairs and interstitial sites of some chromosomes. The microsatellites d(CGG) 10 highly accumulated at the correspondence sites of NORs. FISH with the telomeric probe revealed hybridization signals on each telomere of all chromosomes and interstitial telomeric sites were not detected. The karyotype formula could be deduced as:

Karyotype and Chromosome Behavior Analyses in Three Regions of the Indomalayan Realm

“…Professor Tanomtong and his coworkers have analyzed the standardized karyotypes of these Thai gibbon species (Supanuam et al 2012), recommending the designation of 1 CR, 11 EN, and 12 vulnerable (VU) species (having a high risk of endangerment in the wild), and 7 nearthreatened (NT) species (likely to become endangered in the near future). The NT category includes the Sumatra serow, Capricornis sumatraensis (Jantarat et al 2017b), and Indian hog deer, Hyelaphus porcinus (Pinthong et al 2017a). Most of these publications were the first reports of standardized karyotype and idiogram measurements conducted using Giemsa (GTG), high-resolution, and Ag-NOR banding techniques.…”

FISH with Padlock Probes Can Efficiently Reveal the Genomic Position of Low or Single-Copy DNA Sequences

“…Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can analyze the genomic position and distribution of DNA sequences in nuclei and on chromosomes (Ebadi-Almas et al 2012, Shirakawa et al 2012, Ikeda et al 2013, Kuroki et al 2013, Ruan et al 2013, Yokomi et al 2013, Suto et al 2013, Lombello et al 2014, Abozeid et al 2015, Kantek et al 2015, Matsunaga 2016, Monkheang et al 2016, Shibata et al 2016, Tantivit et al 2016, Jantarat et al 2017, Taguchi et al 2017. Labeling of DNA probes for FISH has been generally performed through enzymatic incorporation of labeled dNTPs by PCR or nick translation (Shibata and Hizume 2015).…”