Cytokine Adsorptive Property of Various Adsorbents in Immunoadsorption Columns and a Newly Developed Adsorbent: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: Cytokines play important roles in the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. Therefore, some effective measures to remove cytokines from the bloodstream could be effective in the treatment of SIRS and sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytokine adsorptive property of various adsorbents for the purpose of the development of new selective cytokine adsorption columns. Methods: The cytokine adsorptive property of adsorbent in a CF-X column, which consists of cellulose beads cross-linked with hexamethylene-di-isocyanate, was compared with those of various adsorbents in currently available immunoadsorption columns, such as Immusorba TR^®, Immusorba PH^®, Selesorb^®, and Lixelle^®, in vitro batchwise test using patients’ plasma. A newly developed adsorbent, MPCF-X, which was modified by coating the surface of the adsorbent in CF-X with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), was also tested for its cytokine adsorptive property. Results: The adsorbent in CF-Xshowed a significantly higher adsorption rate for TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 compared with other adsorbents (p < 0.05). Adsorbent in Lixelle^® showed good affinity to TNF-α and IL-8. Especially, the adsorbent in CF-X almost completely removed TNF-α, whereas it also had considerable affinity to normal IgG. MPCF-X showed decreased affinity to IgG with considerable adsorptive properties to cytokines. Conclusion: Selective cytokine adsorption columns could be developed with improvement of currently available adsorbents. Such a new selective cytokine adsorption column could be clinically applied for the treatment of SIRS/sepsis.

Direct Hemoperfusion with a Cytokine-Adsorbing Device for the Treatment of Persistent or Severe Hypercytokinemia: A Pilot Study

“…Four kinds of cytokine adsorbers have thus far been developed: the CYT-860 [8,9,13,14] , Cytosorb [15,16] , CTR [17,18] , and MPCF-X [19] ; but there are very few clinical reports of these four adsorbers [18] . The CYT-860, which was evaluated in the present study, was originally developed as an exotoxin adsorber and found during the course of development to adsorb cytokines as well.…”

Comparison of Interleukin-6 Removal Properties among Hemofilters Consisting of Varying Membrane Materials and Surface Areas: An in vitro Study

“…Currently, blood purification methods with various modalities, including high-volume hemofiltration [3,11,12], the use of high-cutoff membranes [8,10], and direct hemoperfusion using highly adsorptive agents [13,14], have been investigated to effectively remove cytokines from circulating blood. It is assumed that when cytokines are removed by blood purification, the efficiency of cytokine removal varies to a large degree depending on which removal mechanism is used.…”

Fever associated with severe dialysis-related amyloidosis

“…In this regard, the b 2 M column Lixelle Ò has the adsorptive ability of a battery of cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a [16,17], which are known to be closely to related to the systemic inflammatory response. A recent report showed that Lixelle Ò decreased the serum level of high-sensitivity CRP in HD patients because Lixelle Ò adsorbs a variety of inflammatory cytokines [18].…”