Cytokine and microbial profiles in relation to the clinical outcome following treatment of peri‐implantitis

Abstract

At 6 months, clinically stable treatment outcome of peri-implantitis is associated lower levels of putative pathogens total bacterial load with ≥30% reduction of IL1-β, L-6, and VEGF levels in PICF.

Peri-Implantitis Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Narrative Review

“…Some were interventional trials, sampling the diseased implants before and after therapy. Results showed that clinically stable treatment outcomes of peri-implantitis are associated with lower levels of putative pathogens total bacterial load and with reduction of IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF levels in PICF [61]. Longitudinal studies may confirm the concentrations of biomarkers at specific sites and would theoretically show the shifts of such concentrations in diseased implants over time.…”

Leptotrichia species in human infections II

“…ssp. ( naviforme , nucleatum, polymorphum) , T. denticola , S. anaerobius , S. aureus , S. haemolyticus , S. epidermidis , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization 188M/F 23–59 L. buccalis HealthySaliva G. haemolysans , Veillonella spp., V. parvula , S. gordonii , S. mutans , S. oralis , S. thermophilus , S. termitidis , virus, 314 chips sequencing[76]189M/F 27–57 L. buccalis Endodontic infection, swelling, sinus tract, exudatesRoot canal, mouth E. faecium , E. faecalis , S. epidermidis , S. warneri , P. micra , H. pylori , E. saburreum , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization[77]190F 35 L. buccalis Immunocompetent, pregnant, afebrile, AC, R, pregnancy loss (non-viable infant)Note: 1st case with acute chorioamnionitisAmniotic fluid (bacteremia)Culture, MALDI-TOF MS, bioMérieux Vitek MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[78]191M/F 26–41 L. buccalis Peri-implantitisPeri-implant crevicular fluid P. aeruginosa , A. actinomycetemcomitans , F. periodonticum , A. israelii , E. coli , P. micra , S. anginosus , T. forsythia , S. aureus , S. haemolyticus , C. gracilis , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization[79]192M/F 40–60 L. wadei DS, low gastric cancer riskAntral gastric biopsies, Tumaco Veillonella , Staphylococcus, Haematobacter , Porphyromonas, Catonella , N. flavescens , Sphingomonadaceae, H. pylori , P. oris , Actinomyces , TM7 genera incertae sedis , S. oralis , C. gingivalis , Rothia, Flavobacterium , 16S rRNA gene sequencing, HTS, PCA[80]M/F 40–60 L. wadei DS, high gastric cancer riskAntral gastric biopsies, Túquerres H. pylori , Veillonella , 16S rRNA gene sequencing, HTS, PCA M/F 41–60 Cholelitiasis, non- Opisthorchis felineus , pancreatitis, hepatitis C virusAspirated bile Flectobacillus , Burkholderia, P. mexicana , Xanthobacter, A. lwoffii , A. johnsonii , L. brevis , J. psychrophilus , T. socranskii , T. amylovo...…”

“…Since previous reviews [2,3], Leptotrichia species have been reported in >124 cases [4,7,16,18–69,87–93], whereby 30 cases involved L. buccalis [4,8,15,21,34,52,56,70–79,87], 24 cases L. wadei [4,20,24,34,37,42,48,56,67,80,81,90,93], 16 cases L. trevisanii [4,5,9,10,13,14,17,37,87], 14 cases L. hofstadii [34,40,49,56,81–84,93], 10 cases L. goodfellowii [4,11,12,21,56,74,85,87], eight cases L. hongkongensis [4,6,18,45,47,56], and five L. shahii [34,56,86]. L. trevisanii and L. wadei bacteremia are extremely rare; clinicians should consider these species in cases involving immunocompromised patients with oral lesions [4,5,13,17,87].…”

“…Furthermore, it has been recovered from the blood and amniotic fluid of a female patient and from the amniotic fluid of an afebrile pregnant woman with acute chorioamnionitis [4,78] (Table 2). It has also been detected in saliva, on the mucosal surface of patients with removable partial dentures, in peri-implant crevicular fluids [34,76,79], and in biofilms (Table 2) [75]. In addition, L. buccalis was isolated from the blood of an elderly woman who suffered from moderate normocytic anemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, and mucositis (Table 2) [15,87].…”

Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis lesions with or without the use of a bone substitute—a randomized clinical trial

“…Non-surgical treatment options may not effectively allow debridement of titanium dental implants (Froum et al, 2016;Heitz-Mayfield et al, 2018;Papathanasiou, Finkelman, Hanley, & Parashis, 2016;Renvert, Widén, & Persson, 2017;Schwarz, Becker, & Renvert, 2015). In a recent systematic review, the conclusion was that nonsurgical debridement approach was effective in the treatment of implant mucositis, but not predictable in the treatment of periimplantitis (Suárez-López Del Amo, Yu, & Wang, 2016).…”