2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106858
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Cytokine-chemokine profiles in the hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis

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Cited by 15 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Reduced frequency of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocytes of TLE+HS patients was observed ( Rosa et al, 2016 ). Note that the occurrence of febrile seizures did not affect the expression of cytokines and chemokines in TLE+HS patients ( Aulická et al, 2022 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Reduced frequency of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocytes of TLE+HS patients was observed ( Rosa et al, 2016 ). Note that the occurrence of febrile seizures did not affect the expression of cytokines and chemokines in TLE+HS patients ( Aulická et al, 2022 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…A significantly higher IL-6/IL-10 ratio in TLE+HS may reflect the dysregulation in proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokine balance, a possible pathophysiological mechanism contributing to neuroinflammation in DRE [31]. Most TLE-associated HS studies on cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IL-10, are performed in HS tissue samples rather than in body fluids, plasma, or serum samples, providing inconsistent results [32][33][34][35]. A recent study found an upregulated RNA tissue expression of several immune mediators such as IL-1β, IL-18, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 in TLE with HS patients when compared to the postmortem hippocampal samples collected from autopsy controls suggesting their role in the neuroinflammatory process contributing to mesial TLE epileptogenesis [32].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most TLE-associated HS studies on cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IL-10, are performed in HS tissue samples rather than in body fluids, plasma, or serum samples, providing inconsistent results [32][33][34][35]. A recent study found an upregulated RNA tissue expression of several immune mediators such as IL-1β, IL-18, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 in TLE with HS patients when compared to the postmortem hippocampal samples collected from autopsy controls suggesting their role in the neuroinflammatory process contributing to mesial TLE epileptogenesis [32]. However, it is interesting that the authors did not find detectable expression of IL-6 either in the TLE patients with HS or in the autopsy controls [32].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consistent with our results, a few studies have shown that in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases, the serum and liquor samples of CCL11 levels were higher, including in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders [ 48 ]. More interestingly, in the study of the correlation of certain chemokines and cytokines’ expression in the brain, the different anatomical regions showed epilepsy-related eotaxin differences [ 19 ]. In particular, the perivascular astrocytes secrete CCL11; next, in response to this, the microglial cells upregulate the expression of the receptors CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5, acting as receptors for CCL11, especially in the hippocampus compared to the entorhinal and temporal cortices.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These control leukocyte migration and have a possible role in neuromodulation [ 18 ]. It has been demonstrated that some chemokine–receptor pairs, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL11, are highly expressed in hippocampal tissues and have been associated with epilepsy, based on the findings of experimental models of epilepsy and immunohistochemistry of brain tissue samples from patients undergoing surgical treatment for refractory seizures [ 19 ]. The stimulation of these receptors can facilitate the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, including glutamate, causing secondary neurotoxicity and nerve cell death [ 20 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%