Cytokine distribution in mothers and breastfed children after omega-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy and the lactation period: A randomized, controlled trial

Rodriguez-Santana, Yessica; Ochoa, Julio J.; Lara-Villoslada, Federico; Kajarabille, Naroa; Santana, Pedro Saavedra; Hurtado, José Antonio; Peña, Maria Marjorette O.; Díaz‐Castro, Javier; Sebastián‐García, Irma; Machin-Martin, E.; Villanueva, Miriam Martínez; Ramírez-García, Octavio; Quintana, Luis Peña

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.006

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This corroborates our observations that 1) DHA levels and IL-6 production are anti-correlated; 2) that DHA affects brain function in a region-specific manner. Moreover, recent clinical data from a randomized control trial revealed a negative correlation between DHA and IL-6 blood levels in mothers supplemented with n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation (Rodriguez-Santana et al, 2017).…”

Section: N-3 Pufa Deficiency Exacerbates Maternal and Fetal Cytokine ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary omega-3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and reveals spatial memory deficits in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide during gestation

Labrousse

Leyrolle

Amadieu

et al. 2018

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a common environmental insult on the developing brain and represents a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models of in utero inflammation further revealed a causal link between maternal inflammatory activation during pregnancy and behavioural impairment relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Accumulating evidence point out that proinflammatory cytokines produced both in the maternal and fetal compartments are responsible for social, cognitive and emotional behavioral deficits in the offspring. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids with potent immunomodulatory activities. PUFAs and their bioactive derivatives can promote or inhibit many aspects of the immune and inflammatory response. PUFAs of the n-3 series ('n-3 PUFAs', also known as omega-3) exhibit anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution properties and promote immune functions, while PUFAs of the n-6 series ('n-6 PUFAs' or omega-6) favor pro-inflammatory responses. The present study aimed at providing insight into the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the consequences of MIA on brain development. We hypothesized that a reduction in n-3 PUFAs exacerbates both maternal and fetal inflammatory responses to MIA and later-life defects in memory in the offspring. Based on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of MIA (LPS injection at embryonic day 17), we showed that n-3 PUFA deficiency 1) alters fatty acid composition of the fetal and adult offspring brain; 2) exacerbates maternal and fetal inflammatory processes with no significant alteration of microglia phenotype, and 3) induces spatial memory deficits in the adult offspring. We also showed a strong negative correlation between brain content in n-3 PUFA and cytokine production in MIA-exposed fetuses. Overall, our study is the first to address the deleterious effects of n-3 PUFA deficiency on brain lipid composition, inflammation and memory performances in MIA-exposed animals and indicates that it should be considered as a potent environmental risk factor for the apparition of neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Section: N-3 Pufa Deficiency Exacerbates Maternal and Fetal Cytokine ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary omega-3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and reveals spatial memory deficits in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide during gestation

Labrousse

Leyrolle

Amadieu

et al. 2018

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…The newly published 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [5] recommends consumption of 8–10 oz/week of seafood to the general population to receive adequate amount of omega-3 PUFAs. Recently, omega-3 PUFAs have received great interest due to their potential benefits in cardiovascular [6,7,8,9], gastrointestinal [10,11,12,13], cognitive function [14,15,16], and bone health [17,18,19], as well as in pregnancy and offspring health outcomes [20,21,22,23]. The two omega-3 PUFAs associated with these biological effects are eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3; DHA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire to Screen Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels in Healthy Adults

et al. 2019

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To facilitate a clinical observational study to identify healthy volunteers with low (defined as ≤4%) and high (defined as ≥5.5%) omega-3 indices, a dietary questionnaire to rapidly assess habitual dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was developed. This study aimed to determine the validity of this newly developed dietary questionnaire. One hundred and eight volunteers were included and were assessed for habitual dietary intake of EPA and DHA using the questionnaire. The United States Department of Agriculture food products database and nutrition fact label was referenced for calculation. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of fatty acids in whole blood specimens and to derive omega-3 indices. A linear correlation was observed between reported dietary consumption of EPA, DHA, EPA+DHA and the whole blood levels of EPA, DHA, and the omega-3 indices (r = 0.67, 0.62, 0.67, respectively, p < 0.001 for all). The findings also suggested that the questionnaire was substantially better at identifying volunteers with high omega-3 indices (sensitivity 89%, specificity 84%, and agreement 86%) compared to volunteers with low omega-3 indices (sensitivity 100%, specificity 66%, and agreement 42%). In conclusion, this newly developed questionnaire is an efficient tool for the assessment of omega-3 indices in study populations and is particularly effective in identifying individuals with high omega-3 indices.

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“…There is also evidence that maternal intake of n-3 LCPUFAs reduces BM pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines [1], while other studies do not show a modification with this supplementation [20,65]. However, a relationship between n-3 LCPUFA supplementation and plasma anti-inflammatory profiles has usually been demonstrated [66][67][68][69]. This discrepancy may be related to differences between cytokines in maternal plasma and in BM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

et al. 2023

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Breast milk (BM) cytokines support and modulate infant immunity, being particularly relevant in premature neonates with adverse outcomes (NAO). This study aimed to examine, in a cohort of Spanish breastfeeding women, changes in BM cytokines in the first month of lactation, their modulation by neonatal factors (sex, gestational age, and NAO), maternal factors (obstetric complications, C-section, and diet), and their relationship with oxidative status. Sixty-three mother-neonate dyads were studied at days 7 and 28 of lactation. Dietary habits were assessed by a 72-h dietary recall, and the maternal dietary inflammatory index (mDII) was calculated. BM cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα) were assessed by ultra-sensitive chemiluminescence. Total antioxidant capacity was assessed by the ABTS method and lipid peroxidation by the MDA+HNE kit. From days 7 to 28 of lactation, the levels of IL-10 and TNFα remained stable, while IL-13 increased (β = 0.85 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and IL-8 and MCP-1 levels decreased (β = −0.64 ± 0.27, p = 0.019; β = −0.98 ± 0.22, p < 0.001; respectively). Antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation also decrease during lactation. Neonatal sex did not influence any of the cytokines, but BM from mothers with male infants had a higher antioxidant capacity. Gestational age was associated with male sex and NAO, being inversely correlated with the BM proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα. From days 7 to 28 of lactation, BM from women with NAO infants increased MCP-1 levels and had a larger drop in antioxidant capacity, with the opposite trend in lipid peroxidation. MCP-1 was also significantly higher in women undergoing C-section; this cytokine declined in women who decreased mDII during lactation, while IL-10 increased. Linear mixed regression models evidenced that the most important factors modulating BM cytokines were lactation period and gestational age. In conclusion, during the first month of lactation, BM cytokines shift towards an anti-inflammatory profile, influenced mainly by prematurity. BM MCP-1 is associated with maternal and neonatal inflammatory processes.

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Cytokine distribution in mothers and breastfed children after omega-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy and the lactation period: A randomized, controlled trial

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Dietary omega-3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and reveals spatial memory deficits in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide during gestation

Dietary omega-3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and reveals spatial memory deficits in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide during gestation

Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire to Screen Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels in Healthy Adults

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

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