Cytokine gene polymorphisms in atopic dermatitis

Reich, Kristian; Westphal, Götz A.; König, Inke R.; Mößner, Rotraut; Schupp, Peter J.; Gutgesell, C.; Hallier, Ernst; Ziegler, Andreas; Neumann, Christine

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05307.x

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…polymorphisms that affect cytokine production) have been identified in a number ofhuman cytokine genes, and the results ofepidemiologic studies indicate an association between such polymorphisms and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders (15). There is also evidence that cytokine gene polymorphisms contribute to the genetic basis ofinflammatory skin conditions (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-16 Serum Level in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Fortina

Tonin²,

Pigozzi³

et al. 2006

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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IL-16 is a natural ligand ofCD4 molecules and induces chemotaxis in CD4-expressing cells. It amplifies the inflammatory reaction by stimulating cytokine production in monocytes and activating T-cells. There is evidence that IL-16 plays a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, and increased serum levels of IL-16 have been detected in allergic diseases. However, few data are available on IL-16 serum levels in atopic dermatitis. The aim of our study is to measure IL-16 serum levels in childhood atopic dermatitis before and after treatment and to evaluate a possible correlation between IL-16 serum levels and disease severity. IL-16 serum levels were measured by an ELISA approach in 34 children (19 males and 15 females; mean age 6.8 years) with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, at their first visit and after 3 months oftreatment, and in 10 non-atopic healthycontrols ofthe same age group. The severity of atopic dermatitis was measured by SCORAD index. IL-16 serum levels were significantly higher in patients affected by atopic dermatitis than in controls before and after treatment with tacrolimus ointment. No clear correlation was found between IL-16 serum levels and atopic dermatitis severity. IL-16 serum levels are increased in atopic dermatitis but do not seem to correlate with disease severity.There is evidence that IL-16 plays a role in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases such as allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) (1-3). Several studies suggest CD4+ helper T-cells infiltrating the lesional skin playa pivotal role in the pathogenesis ofAD (4). Among chemotactic factors, interleukin-16 (IL-16) has been fully characterized as a main immunomodulatory cytokine in the recruitment of CD4+ T-cells at sites of inflammation (5-6). IL-16 is a natural soluble ligand to the CD4 molecule and induces activation of CD4+ T-cells. Furthermore, it promotes chemotaxis in CD4-expressing cells such as CD4+ T-cells, monocytes and eosinophils (7) and amplifies inflammatory reaction by stimulating cytokine production in monocytes and activating T-cells.Increased serum levels of IL-16 have been detected in allergic diseases, including asthma (8). In AD lesions and positive atopy patch test reactions increased storage of IL-16 has been observed in epidermal dendritic cells. Furthermore, stimulation of dendritic cells, derived from patients with AD through the high-affinity IgE receptor, was shown to enhance the production of IL-16 in these cells (2,9). Three recent studies reported elevated serum levels ofIL-16 in children (10) and adults (11-12) with AD, suggesting that IL-16 serum level may be a marker of AD severity and activity. As a matter of fact, at present there is no objective laboratory parameter for AD severity and activity.In order to understand if IL-16 serum level can

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-16 Serum Level in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Fortina

Tonin²,

Pigozzi³

et al. 2006

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…13,[31][32][33][34] This study had a statistical power of 0.80 to detect an odds ratio of 0.47 for carriers of the homozygous CC genotype.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Interleukin-6 −174 G>C Gene Polymorphism in Retinal Artery Occlusion

Weger¹,

Steinbrugger²,

Haas³

et al. 2005

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) are supposed to play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis. A common polymorphism in the promoter of the IL-6 gene (IL-6 Ϫ174GϾC) affects plasma IL-6 concentrations and has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present case-control study was to investigate the role of this polymorphism for retinal artery occlusion (RAO). Methods-One hundred eighty-two patients with RAO and 307 control subjects were genotyped for the IL-6 Ϫ174GϾC polymorphism. Genotypes were determined by fluorogenic exonuclease (TaqMan) assay. Results-The prevalence of the CC genotype was significantly lower in patients with RAO than in control subjects (10.4% versus 19.9%; Pϭ0.006). Homozygosity for the C allele was associated with an odds ratio of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.89) for RAO. Key Words: atherosclerosis Ⅲ genetics Ⅲ interleukin-6 Ⅲ ophthalmology Ⅲ retinal artery occlusion Ⅲ risk factors A therosclerosis is a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease. 1 Numerous cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been suggested to play an essential role in atherogenesis. 2 IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine and is synthesized by several different cell types, including monocytes and vascular endothelial cells. 3 Immunohistochemical studies found both increased IL-6 protein and mRNA concentrations in atherosclerotic plaques. 4 -6 Further evidence for its role in atherogenesis comes from animal experiments, showing that IL-6 promotes the development of early atherosclerotic lesions. 7 In humans, increased plasma IL-6 levels have been associated with unstable angina and have predicted future cardiovascular events. 8 -12 In 1998, a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene at position Ϫ174 (Ϫ174GϾC) was identified. 13 An in vitro study using transfected human cell line cells reported higher baseline IL-6 levels in cells with the G construct compared with those transfected with the C allele. 13 Stimulation with lipopolysaccharides or IL-1 resulted in a significantly increased IL-6 transcription rate; this effect, however, was restricted to cells with the G allele. In another in vitro study using anti-CD3/CD28 -stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, IL-6 concentrations were 3ϫ higher among carriers of the G allele. 14 Additionally, some but not all in vivo studies found higher plasma IL-6 concentrations in subjects with the GG genotype than among homozygotes for the C allele. 13,15,16 Recently, the Ϫ174GϾC gene polymorphism has been suggested as a risk factor for coronary heart disease, carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Its role in retinal artery occlusion (RAO), however, has not yet been determined. Conclusions-TheRAO is a common cause for a severe visual loss in patients Ͼ50 years. Impaired blood flow in the central retinal artery or one of its branches leads to infarction of the affected retinal tissue. Embolization and hemorrhage under an atherosclerotic pla...

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“…2). IL-6 and IL-8 can trigger the onset of inflammatory skin diseases such as contract dermatitis and atopic dermatitis, and they also promote the progression of these diseases Reich et al, 2003). IL-6 stimulates proliferation of HEK and inflammatory responses in HEK such as up-regulation of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthesis and promotion of acute phase responses important in the pathogenesis of dermatitis (Chedid et al, 1994;Ishihara and Hirano, 2002;Svobodova et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%