Cytokine induction in human cord blood lymphocytes after pulsing with UV-inactivated influenza viruses

Enhanced immune response of BMDCs pulsed with H9N2 AIV and CpG

“…The allantoic fluid was concentrated 10-fold (10 9 egg infectious doses 50 (EID50)/0.1 ml) and purified on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient as described [14]. for complete loss of the infectivity [15]. Adjuvant CpG1668 was synthesized by Life technologies (Invitrogen) with sequence 5 -TCCATGACGTTCCTGATGCT-3 [16].…”

Sequential Influenza B Viral Load and Susceptibility in Children Treated With Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

“…21,22 Studies on influenza B viral load and the reduction of viral susceptibility to NAIs after treatment in children are limited compared with those on influenza A virus. However, because many children with influenza B virus infection are hospitalized during influenza B outbreak season 5,24 and the immune response to influenza B virus infection is different from that of influenza A virus infection, 25,26 knowledge of the sequential viral load after NAI treatment is important to control influenza B virus infection. 5 Few studies have detected influenza B virus from patients resistant to NAIs, 19,23 but daily changes in viral load and susceptibility have not been demonstrated because the clinical samples used in these studies were collected every 2-3 days after initiating NAIs.…”

The human side of influenza

“…Influenza strain differences were also observed in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes treated with UV-inactivated viruses. UV-inactivated influenza B virus induced less IFN-␥, IL-4, or IL-10 relative to UV-inactivated A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and A/H2N2 [172].…”