Cytokine levels in patients with non-M3 myeloid leukemia are key indicators of how well the disease responds to chemotherapy

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological neoplastic disease. Autocrine or paracrine cytokines released by leukemic cells regulate the proliferation of AML cells. It is uncertain whether cytokines can indicate whether patients with AML are in remission with chemotherapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in AML patients before and after chemotherapy to determine whether the cytokine levels could predict disease remission after chemotherapy. It was found that the levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-17F, and IL-22 were signi cantly increased at the time of AML diagnosis in patients who achieved remission after two chemotherapy treatments (P < 0.05). After chemotherapy, the cytokine levels were reduced in patients with remission, while the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were raised in patients without remission (P < 0.05). A comparison of cytokine levels before and after chemotherapy in patients who achieved remission showed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.69 for both IL-6 and IL-8. In addition, a comparison of the remission and non-remission groups after chemotherapy showed an AUC of 0.77 for IL-6. We then calculated the cut-off value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Values of IL-6 < 9.99 and IL-8 < 8.46 at the time of diagnosis were predictive of chemotherapy success and remission, while IL-6 >14.89 at diagnosis suggested that chemotherapy would not be successful and remission would not be achieved. In conclusion, IL-6 levels were found to be predictive of the likelihood of remission.

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

“…While some cytokines maintained their original distribution, many exhibited non-normal distributions following the therapy. This phenomenon can be attributed to a multitude of factors intricately woven into the nature of the research, the disease, the treatment modality, and the characteristics of the cytokines themselves [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]: Individuals may respond diversely to EV therapy due to genetic and epigenetic variations, environmental influences, degree of disease, and lifestyle factors. These differences can lead to varying extents of cytokine modulation post-treatment, contributing to the non-normal distribution observed in specific cytokines after therapy.…”

“…While some cytokines maintained their original distribution, many exhibited non-normal distributions following the therapy. This phenomenon can be attributed to a multitude of factors intricately woven into the nature of the research, the disease, the treatment modality, and the characteristics of the cytokines themselves [35][36][37][38]:…”

Transforming the Niche: The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Progression

“…IL-6 secreted by leukaemic cells also activates STAT3 signalling, further triggers the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway [52], and promotes CD36 expression, CD36-mediated uptake of fatty acids, and AML blast chemoresistance against Ara-c [87]. Interestingly, increased plasmatic IL-6 and IL-8 levels are both independent risk factors for AML prognosis and correlate with adverse outcomes in these patients [88]. For a more thorough insight on the soluble cytokine network in AML, please refer to recent reviews elsewhere [89].…”