Cytokine-mediated hepatic apoptosis

Toll-like receptor 3 ligand attenuates LPS-induced liver injury by down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression on macrophages

“…Among these factors, TNF-␣ is the terminal mediator of hepatic apoptosis and organ failure. TNF-␣-induced hepatocyte apoptosis has been identified as an early and possibly causal event during LPS͞D-GalN-induced liver failure (2,5,6). Furthermore, TNF-␣-induced neutrophil transmigration in the later stages of liver injury has been shown to be a critical step in hepatocyte necrosis in this model.…”

Drug–Induced Liver Injury: Mechanisms and Test Systems

“…They can induce liver injury by triggering hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. 7 Hepatic apoptosis may be controlled by the intracellular energy status as well as by the redox status of the hepatocyte. 8,9 Depletion of intracellular ATP stores (a model relevant to the fasting patient with drugrelated impairment of mitochondrial function-see below), blocks TNF-␣-associated liver injury but potentiates Fas-mediated damage.…”

LIGHT, a Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily, Prevents Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-mediated Human Primary Hepatocyte Apoptosis, but Not Fas-mediated Apoptosis

“…TNF␣ plays an important role in the proliferation of hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo (39 -42), and also acts as a mediator of cell death in several liver injury models (43)(44)(45)(46). Hepatocytes are normally resistant to TNF␣-mediated cytotoxicity, so * The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.…”