Cytokine network in psoriasis revisited

Michalak-Stoma, Anna; Pietrzak, Aldona; Szepietowski, Jacek C.; Zalewska-Janowska, Anna; Paszkowski, Tomasz; Chodorowska, Grażyna

doi:10.1684/ecn.2011.0294

Cited by 82 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Interleukin 15 is secreted by mononuclear phagocytes, structurally similar to IL-2 and leads to proliferation of NK-cells, activation of T-cells and induces TNF-α and IL-17 production [16, 17]. Interleukin 15 influences angiogenesis, neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and acanthosis [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are interleukin-15 and -22 a new pathogenic factor in pustular palmoplantar psoriasis?

Lesiak¹,

Bednarski²,

Pałczyńska³

et al. 2016

pdia

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IntroductionPustular palmoplantar psoriasis (PPP) is a rare type of psoriasis affecting mainly distal parts of the limbs. Despite numerous theories about etiology of PPP, the pathogenesis still remains unclear. Recent data indicate that interleukin (IL)-15, IL-17 and IL-22 enhance a proinflammatory response in certain skin inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. There is also evidence that anti-endomysial (anti-EMA) and anti-gliadin (AGA) antibodies are engaged in PPP development.AimTo assess IL-15, IL-17, IL-22 serum levels and evaluate the presence of anti-endomysial and anti-gliadin antibodies in patients with PPP.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 20 females of the mean age of 51.8 suffering from PPP. Additionally 29 healthy individuals, age and sex matched, served as controls. ELISA was performed to evaluate serum IL-15, IL-17, IL-22 concentrations while an indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) was used to determine anti-EMA and AGA presence.ResultsThe mean value of IL-15 and IL-22 serum concentrations was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (IL-15: 6.48 vs. 4.88 pg/ml; IL-22: 81.47 vs. 4.90 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The IL-17 serum level in the study group was higher when compared to the control group (2.0 vs. 0.75 pg/ml), however the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.26). There were no anti-EMA and AGA antibodies detected, both in the control and study group.ConclusionsThe results obtained may suggest involvement of IL-15 and IL-22 in the pathogenesis of PPP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interleukin 15 influences angiogenesis, neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and acanthosis [16]. It is proven that dysregulation of IL-15 expression is occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease and psoriasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are interleukin-15 and -22 a new pathogenic factor in pustular palmoplantar psoriasis?

Lesiak¹,

Bednarski²,

Pałczyńska³

et al. 2016

pdia

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“…IL-10 inhibits cellular immunity. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) suppresses both Th1 and Th2 modes of immune response [17]. IL-12 facilitates Th1 cellular response.…”

Section: Skin As An Immune Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenesis in the skin: Implications for local immune functions

Slominski

Zbytek

Nikolakis

et al. 2013

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

329

318

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The skin has developed a hierarchy of systems that encompasses the skin immune and local steroidogenic activities in order to protect the body against the external environment and biological factors and to maintain local homeostasis. Most recently it has been established that skin cells contain the entire biochemical apparatus necessary for production of glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens either from precursors of systemic origin or, alternatively, through the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and its subsequent transformation to biologically active steroids. Examples of these products are corticosterone, cortisol, testosterone, dihydrotesterone and estradiol. Their local production can be regulated by locally produced corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cytokines. Furthermore the production of glucocorticoids is affected by ultraviolet B radiation. The level of production and nature of the final steroid products are dependent on the cell type or cutaneous compartment, e.g., epidermis, dermis, adnexal structures or adipose tissue. Locally produced glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens affect functions of the epidermis and adnexal structures as well as local immune activity. Malfunction of these steroidogenic activities can lead to inflammatory disorders or autoimmune diseases. The cutaneous steroidogenic system can also have systemic effects, which are emphasized by significant skin contribution to circulating androgens and/or estrogens. Furthermore, local activity of CYP11A1 can produce novel 7 -steroids and secosteroids that are biologically active. Therefore, modulation of local steroidogenic activity may serve as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune processes or other skin disorders. In conclusion, the skin can be defined as an independent steroidogenic organ, whose activity can affect its functions and the development of local or systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.

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“…Differentiated T cells produce cytokines that stimulate keratinocytes to proliferate and produce proinflammatory antimicrobial peptides and cytokines which promote angiogenesis. Cytokines produced by immune cells and keratinocytes perpetuate the inflammatory process via positive feedback loops [4,7,12,13,15,23,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and profiling of immunomodulatory genes in resident mesenchymal stem cells reflect the Th1-Th17/Th2 imbalance of psoriasis

et al. 2014

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The expression of genes encoding for Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines has been extensively evaluated in differentiated skin cells of psoriatic patients. The microenvironment exerts a control on the phenotype of resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the skin of psoriasis patients. Aim of the study was to extensively evaluate the relative expression of 43 genes encoding for Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines in MSCs isolated from skin of psoriasis patients. MSCs resident into psoriatic skin were isolated, characterized and profiled by PCR array for the relative expression of genes encoding for cytokines involved in Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways. MSCs isolated from the skin of healthy subjects were used as control. The MSCs isolated from skin of psoriasis patients showed a greater relative expression of the most part of the analyzed genes encoding for Th1 and Th17 cytokines: INF-γ, CCR5, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL6, IL8, TNF-α, IL23A, CCL2, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL5, IL17C, IL17F, IL17RA, IL21, TLR2 than healthy subjects. On the contrary, the relative expression of genes encoding for Th2 cytokines: CCL1, CCL22, CXCL12, IL2, IL3, IL4, IL13B, IL 22, IL 27, TGF-β1, was similar between the MSCs isolated from psoriasis and healthy subjects. In conclusion, the MSCs isolated from psoriasis show an imbalance between the Th1-Th17 and Th2 pathways, which reflects the well-known abnormal balance observed in differentiated skin cells. This evidence could strengthen the hypothesis of an early involvement of resident MSCs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

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Cytokine network in psoriasis revisited

Cited by 82 publications

References 123 publications

Are interleukin-15 and -22 a new pathogenic factor in pustular palmoplantar psoriasis?

Are interleukin-15 and -22 a new pathogenic factor in pustular palmoplantar psoriasis?

Steroidogenesis in the skin: Implications for local immune functions

Characterization and profiling of immunomodulatory genes in resident mesenchymal stem cells reflect the Th1-Th17/Th2 imbalance of psoriasis

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