Cytokine production after influenza vaccination in a healthy elderly population

Bernstein, Erica D.; Gardner, Elizabeth M.; Abrutyn, Elías; Groß, Peter; Murasko, Donna M.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00140-6

Cited by 110 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…9,17,[40][41][42][43][44] For example, a recent study by McElhaney et al reported that the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-10 measured in stimulated peripheral mononuclear blood cells predicted laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in immunized elderly individuals (vaccine failure), whereas levels of antibody specific to the vaccine antigens did not. 9 Both IFN-γ and IL-10 have been associated with markers of psychological well-being in a small population of individuals in the same age range as the participants in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and psychological influences on immune responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI) trial

Hayney

Coe

Müller

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and psychological influences on immune responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI) trial

Hayney

Coe

Müller

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Moreover, underlining the importance of IFN-gamma, these investigators found that although elderly individuals often responded only with either a cellular or a humoral response to vaccination, production of IFN-gamma was correlated with the presence of both (456). The production of a potentially inhibitory cytokine, IL 10, was also found to be greater in the young, whereas IL 6 production was similar (455). Others have found increased IL 10 production in the elderly (457); the reason for this apparent discrepancy is not clear, but may be related to these latter investigators findings that responses to different strains of flu virus differ markedly (457).…”

Section: Vaccination (See Also Section 41)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These findings are probably due to pre-exposure of the elderly and young to different strains of flu viruses (454). PBMC from the healthy elderly may produce lower levels of IFN-gamma both pre-and postvaccination compared to the young, although levels do go up after vaccination in both young and old (455). Moreover, underlining the importance of IFN-gamma, these investigators found that although elderly individuals often responded only with either a cellular or a humoral response to vaccination, production of IFN-gamma was correlated with the presence of both (456).…”

Section: Vaccination (See Also Section 41)mentioning

confidence: 98%

T cells and aging update February 1999

Pawelec¹

1999

Front Biosci

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T cell immunosenescence 218effects of dysregulated immune responses in the elderly by supplementation or other approaches may result in an enhancement of their quality of life, and significant reductions in the cost of medical care in old age. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO IMMUNO-SENESCENCE HematopoiesisDysregulated hematopoiesis is seen in elderly individuals, raising the possibility that this could contribute to altered immune function in the aged. Hematopoiesis in man may be compromised because of a severely reduced capacity to produce colony stimulating factors (44) and increased production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL 6 (45), because lower numbers of progenitor cells are present in the BM (46) and because of an age-related decline in proliferative potential of putative haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) (47). In mice, the repopulating potential of murine fetal liver-derived HSC is higher than that of adult BM-derived stem cells (48), suggesting possible aging of the HSC themselves. Normal cells with shorter telomeres possess less remaining replicative capacity than those with longer telomeres (see section 5.2). Accordingly, HSC from adult BM were found to have shorter telomeres than fetal liver-derived or umbilical cord-derived stem cells, consistent with aging of HSC (49). Telomere lengths decreased on culture despite low level expression of telomerase in these cells (50,51), although the rate of basepair loss per population doubling of cells in culture was lower during the first two weeks, when telomerase was upregulated, than in the next two, when it was downregulated (52). The telomerase expressed is therefore functionally active but may not be able to completely maintain telomere length in aging HSC cells. True embryonic stem cells (ESC), on the other hand, which may really be immortal, do retain high levels of telomerase activity (53). On the other hand, ESC from telomerase-knockout mice show gradual telomere shortening over many population doublings (PD) resulting in slowing and eventual cessation of growth (54). Certain animals which do not downregulate telomerase manifest a permanent growth phase and little or no senescence (55,56).

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“…This is presumably due to the fact that many published reports conflict on theoretically important points. For instance, the production of the type 1 cytokine IFN-␥ has been reported to be high (7,8) or low (9 -11) during aging and multiple similar examples could be given (12). Controversial observations may result from variations among species, strains, organs, or culture systems, but may also be due to interindividual differences in the course of the biological aging process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Antibody Production Following Immunization in Old Age: Association with CD8+CD28− T Cell Clonal Expansions and an Imbalance in the Production of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines

Saurwein-Teissl

Lung

Marx

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

455

329

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Although it is generally recognized that the function of the immune system declines with age, the nature of the underlying defects is still poorly understood. We now demonstrate the predominance of CD8+CD28− T cell clonal expansions in elderly persons who fail to produce specific Abs following influenza vaccination. These clones express effector cell markers and are mostly CD45RA+. When isolated and put into culture, they are unable to proliferate, but produce IFN-γ (but no IL-5) upon stimulation with anti-CD3 or autoantigen. These autoreactive CD8+ type 1 effector cells seem to trigger a Th1 polarization, as CD4+ T cells from elderly persons without in vivo Ab production produce Th1, but only low amounts of Th2 cytokines upon in vitro stimulation with PHA. Therefore, the increased occurrence of CD8+CD28− clonal expansions may be decisive for the development of immune deficiency in the elderly.

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Cytokine production after influenza vaccination in a healthy elderly population

Cited by 110 publications

References 33 publications

Age and psychological influences on immune responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI) trial

Age and psychological influences on immune responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI) trial

T cells and aging update February 1999

Lack of Antibody Production Following Immunization in Old Age: Association with CD8+CD28− T Cell Clonal Expansions and an Imbalance in the Production of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines

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