Cytokine profiles and phenotype regulation of antigen presenting cells by genotype-I porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates

Abstract

The present study examined the immunological response of antigen presenting cells (APC) to genotype-I isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection by analysing the cytokine profile induced and evaluating the changes taking place upon infection on immunologically relevant cell markers (MHCI, MHCII, CD80/86, CD14, CD16, CD163, CD172a, SWC9). Several types of APC were infected with 39 PRRSV isolates. The results show that different isolates were able to induce different patterns of IL-10 and TNF-α. The four possible phenotypes based on the ability to induce IL-10 and/or TNF-α were observed, although different cell types seemed to have different capabilities. In addition, isolates inducing different cytokine-release profiles on APC could induce different expression of cell markers.

Vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model

“…The inoculation of SP pigs was done with a genotype 1 subtype 1 PRRSV 3267 strain [Genbank accession number JF276435] that has been described in previous studies Díaz et al, 2012;Gimeno et al, 2011). The strain was isolated in 2006 from the serum of a boar of a Portuguese farm and causes a mild respiratory process in piglets and a viremia lasting three or more weeks.…”

“…Group NV was left unvaccinated and remained as naïve controls. On the 35th day postvaccination (dpv), 14 NV pigs were separated, housed in an isolated room and inoculated intranasally with 2 ml (1 ml/ nostril) of a suspension containing 10 5.5 TCID 50 /ml of a genotype 1 PRRSV strain designated as 3267 Díaz et al, 2012;Gimeno et al, 2011). The inoculated animals were designated as ''seeder'' pigs (SP).…”

“…Recent estimates from Europe and North America indicate that the reproductive efficiency of infected herds is decreased about 1.4 weaned pigs/sow or 1.7 sold feeder pigs/sow (Holtkamp et al, 2013;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2012). To these figures it has to be added the cost caused by increased mortality, excess medication, loss of productive days, etc.…”

“…To these figures it has to be added the cost caused by increased mortality, excess medication, loss of productive days, etc. As a matter of fact, about 50% of the cost of the disease can be attributed to the impact on weaners and grower pigs (Holtkamp et al, 2013).…”

Elevated plasma-soluble CD16 levels in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected pigs: correlation with ADAM17-mediated shedding

“…(Yang et al, 2012). Similarly, Gimeno et al (2011) observed CD16 downregulation on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following PRRSV treatment. Our data indicate that the levels of CD16 on the cell surface are inversely correlated with the levels of sCD16 in plasma, indicating a correlation between the amplitude of neutrophil activation and PRRSV infection.…”