Cytokine Profiles in Toxoplasmic and Viral Uveitis

Lahmar, I.; Abou-Bacar, Ahmed; Abdelrahman, Tamer; Guinard, Marie; Babba, Hamouda; Yahia, Salim Ben; Kairallah, M.; Speeg-Schatz, C.; Bourcier, Tristan; Sauer, Arnaud; Villard, Odile; Pfaff, Alexander W.; Mousli, Marc; Garweg, Justus G.; Candolfi, Ermanno

doi:10.1086/597478

Cited by 81 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The expansion of IL-17 producing cells in human OT has been demonstrated by Lahmar et al (2009) who monitored cytokine patterns in serum and aqueous humor of subjects suffering from OT, infectious or noninfectious uveitis and cataract. High levels of IL-17 were reported in aqueous humor samples from 70 % patients presenting OT.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ot Is Linked To Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect was shared with another group suffering from eye inflammatory disease, showing that inflammatory processes could play a major role in the establishment of ocular damage in the chronic stage of OT. Due to large inter-individual variations of cytokine levels within each group of patients, no correlation was found between cytokine titers and clinical presentation (Lahmar et al, 2009). In addition, increased levels of proinflammatory mediators MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6 were found in intraocular fluid samples from OT, but these variations were not specific for toxoplasmic uveitis.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ot Is Linked To Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-12 can enhance TNF production and synthesis was higher in OT than in other ocular diseases in accordance with the importance of the Th1 response in mouse models. The Th2 cytokines (Il-4, IL-5, IL-10), which counterbalance inflammatory processes, were up-regulated and Parasitic zoonoses in Europe Parasite, 2010, 17, 177-182 consequently the authors were unable to define the respective roles of Th1 and Th2 responses in the pathogenesis of human OT (Lahmar et al, 2009). As observed in experimental autoimmune uveitis, it is now proposed that eye damage may be induced by pathogenic responses mediated by Th-17 cells producing TNFα (Garweg et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ot Is Linked To Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors of occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. A review

Talabani¹,

Mergey²,

Yera³

et al. 2010

Parasite

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Diagnosis is usually based on ophthalmological examination and is confirmed by the response to specific treatment, but also by biological assays including local antibody production, PCR and Western Blot (RobertGangneux et al., 2004; Talabani et al., 2009;Villard et al., 2003). The incidence and the prevalence of this com-The incidence and the prevalence of this complication are difficult to establish precisely. In 1993, a survey in a French hospital service of ophthalmology showed that OT was seen in less than one per thousand outpatients (Dupouy-Camet et al., 1995). In another study performed in Germany, Jakob et al. (2009) reported that toxoplasmosis accounted for 4.2 % of all cases of uveitis at their referral centre. Jones et al. (2010) estimated that 4,839 people develop symptomatic OT each year in the United States. Ocular toxoplasmosis is a complication of both acquired acute and reactivated congenital toxoplasmosis (Delair et al., 2008;Holland, 1999; Stanford et al., 2006). Ocular disease severity can be influenced by variation in parasite isolates, parasitic load, route of infection and host-related factors such as immune function, age and pregnancy. FACTORS OF OCCURENCE OF OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS (OT)ot complicates not only congenital but also acquired inFections C lassically, retinochoroiditis secondary to acquired toxoplasmosis was considered an exceptional event in immunocompetent individuals, and was usually defined as a periodic reactivation of latent cysts associated with undiagnosed congenital infections. But recent data, based on ophthalmological examination, seem to establish that acquired infection might be responsible for most cases. This fact was particularly demonstrated by outbreaks reported in Canada, Brazil or India. In Canada, amongst 100 individuals infected during a water-borne outbreak, 19 had OT (Bowie et al., 1997). In southern Brazil 17.7 % of 1,042 individuals examined had OT. The prevalence of the lesions was 0.9 % in 1-to 8-year-olds and 21.3 % in all individuals older than 13, suggesting that in this population, the Summary: Acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis are frequently complicated by ocular toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis relies on clinical aspects, response to specific treatment and results of biological assays. The incidence and the prevalence of this complication are difficult to establish precisely and depend on the prevalence of the parasite infection in the general population, and are affected by factors such as type of exposure to the parasite, genetic backgrounds of the parasite and the host, and type of immune response elicited by the parasite.KEY WORDS: toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma, eye, retinochoroiditis.Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2010173177 TALABANI H., MERGEY T., YERA H. ET AL. 178 Parasitic zoonoses in EuropeParasite, 2010, 17, 177-182 disease was a sequela of postnatal rather than congenital infection (Glasner et al., 1992). In India, Balasundaram et al. (2010) described ocular involvement due to t...

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Ot Is Linked To Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ot Is Linked To Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ot Is Linked To Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors of occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. A review

Talabani¹,

Mergey²,

Yera³

et al. 2010

Parasite

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“…Infection in both mice and humans is characterized by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ, all of which have been implicated in ocular pathology , Lahmar et al 2009). There has therefore been great interest in identifying the initial triggers for this proinflammatory host response to the parasite, in particular the role of innate immune pathways triggered by the interaction of the pathogen with the toll-like receptor (TLR)/ myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate gene analysis of ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil: evidence for a role for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)

Peixoto-Rangel

Miller

Castellucci

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…This cytokine is now described as essential in Th17 differentiation and Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory and autoimmune uveitis, supporting the hypothesis that the host immune response takes part in ocular damage [50]. The expansion of IL-17 producing cells in human OT has been demonstrated by Lahmar et al [51] who monitored cytokine patterns in serum and aqueous humor of subjects suffering from OT, infectious or non-infectious uveitis and cataract. High levels of IL-17 were reported in aqueous humor samples from 70 % patients presenting OT.…”

Section: Immune Privileged Status and Cytokine Responses Are Key Factmentioning

confidence: 70%