Cytokine response to diabetic ketoacidosis and its treatment

Cytokine response to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM)

“…IL-10 has been reported to have multifaceted anti-inflammatory properties and to play a beneficial regulatory role in atherogenesis [22]. Also IL-10 levels have been found to increase during DKA and its management [6]. The role of IL-10 in reducing microvascular leakage has been shown in many previous studies.…”

“…To our knowledge there are very limited studies on the above topic [6]. A novelty of our study is the recording of the cytokine levels changes over time in severe DKA.…”

“…Thus patients with diabetes have elevated blood levels of IL-6, which, together with TNF-α are known to increase inflammation and the development of vascular disease and atherosclerosis, possibly by increasing oxidative stress [12,14,15,16]. In children with T1DM, IL-6 levels were found to be statistically significantly increased in the group with long T1DM duration, as well as in those newly diagnosed, when compared with healthy controls [6,9], with the highest levels in the newly diagnosed patients [9].…”

“…Although there are some previous studies on the role of cytokines in the development of long-term diabetes complications [6,9,12,14,15,16], there is only one study on the fluctuation of cytokines during the metabolic crisis of DKA in children with T1DM [6], including limited number of patients. The aim of the present study was to monitor serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 at different time-points during the management of DKA, as markers of the risk of development of its acute complications.…”

General immune dampening is associated with disturbed metabolism at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

“…However, it was recently shown that in children with moderate or severe diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 was elevated (26)(27)(28). High-sensitive C-reactive protein was also shown to be correlated to the increase in IL-6 secretion indicating an ongoing inflammation (27).…”