Cytokine responses in mice infected with Clonorchis sinensis

Abstract

FVB and BALB/c mice show different morbidity, development of Clonorchis sinensis, and pathological changes following C. sinensis infection. FVB mice are susceptible and BALB/c mice are relatively more resistant to C. sinensis infection. To investigate the relationship between cytokine reaction and susceptibility to C. sinensis infection in FVB and BALB/c mice, we described both the patterns and kinetics of Th1 cytokines and Th2 cytokines in spleen cell culture. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 cytokine production in the culture supernatants of the concanavalin-A-stimulated spleen cells increased at 2-3 weeks post-infection in both strains. IL-5 production increased between 2 and 5 weeks post-infection in both strains, and reached a peak level at 2 weeks post-infection in BALB/c mice and 4 weeks post-infection in FVB mice. In contrast, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production decreased between 2 and 4 weeks in both strains. IL-2 production increased slightly in BALB/c mice following infection, but was unchanged in FVB mice. IL-4 production over preinfection levels was significantly higher in FVB mice, whereas IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-10 production were significantly higher in BALB/c mice. The levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and blood eosinophils in both mouse strains significantly increased between 3 and 6 weeks postinfection. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in FVB mice than in BALB/c mice. The results of this study suggest that susceptibility to C. sinensis infection is associated with Th2 cytokine production, especially IL-4 which is predominant in relatively susceptible FVB mice.

Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in the livers of mice infected by Clonorchis sinensis

“…In addition, rabbits and rats are not appropriate hosts for this purpose because they have no gallbladders. Therefore, mice are substitutable for hamsters to study host-parasite interaction of C. sinensis since they have gallbladders, and their antibodies or other reagents are commercially available [19][20][21]. Importantly, C3H/HeN together with C3H/HeJ mice (a deficient function of TLR4) will provide contrastive data for further exploring the role of TLR4 in C. sinensis infection.…”

“…However, the factors and molecular mechanisms underlying polarization of the immune response are largely unknown [19][20][21]. Recent studies have shown that the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 is upregulated in other helminth infections, such as Fasciola spp., Schistosoma spp., Taenia spp., and Brugiamalayi, suggesting that TLRs might play an important role during helminth infections [22][23][24][25][26][27] …”

Lactation-Based Maternal Educational Immunity Crosses MHC Class I Barriers and Can Impart Th1 Immunity to Th2-Biased Recipients

“…The immunology of FVB/NJ mice is far less studied, although they are considered Th2 biased (30). FVB/NJ mice are susceptible to mycobacterial infection (31) but are also clearly immunologically distinct in many ways from BALB/cJ mice (23). Therefore, lactational transfer of passive cellular immunity and Th1-based maternal educational immunity from a C57BL/6J dam to BALB/cJ and FVB/NJ foster pups has different challenges from the syngeneic/congenic pairings.…”

“…After systemic or pulmonary BCG infection, a significantly lower Th1 response in BALB/cJ mice was also evident compared with C57BL/6J mice (19,21,22). In some reports, FVB/NJ (H-2K q ) mice have been described as even more Th2-biased than BALB/cJ mice (23), although the immunology of FVB/NJ mice has been relatively poorly investigated.…”

Experimental opisthorchiasis: a study of blood cells, hematopoiesis and startle reflex in laboratory animals

“…В ранних исследованиях исключалась возможность моделирования O. felineusиндуцированного описторхоза у мышей ин бредной линии C57BL/6 (Зеленцов, 1974). В то же время, как подчеркивают некоторые авторы (Choi et al, 2003), это создает определенные сложности для исследований, поскольку основные современные молекулярные и био химические разработки в научных лабораториях подра зумевают использование, прежде всего, крыс и мышей. Как сообщает компания Labome (2012), проанализиро вавшая около 10 000 публикаций за период 2008-2011 гг., мыши являются предпочтительными лабораторными животными для исследований, а инбредная линия мышей C57BL / 6, геном которых был полностью секвенирован в 2005 г., на втором месте после генома человека, самая используемая линия для создания физиологических или патологических моделей в экспериментах in vivo.…”