Cytokine stimulation of parasitic and microbial growth

Michel, Denis; Campbell, D; Gregg, Evan O.

doi:10.1016/0923-2508(91)90008-x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The role of such receptors is not clear, but Porat et al have reported that IL-1 will stim-ulate the growth of pathogenic strains of E. coli (172), although this has not been substantiated by another group (111). Also, cytokines such as IL-2 can stimulate the growth of a range of bacteria (32)(33)(34). If this two-way traffic of information does occur, it opens up new horizons for the interaction of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic worlds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis.

Henderson¹,

Poole²,

Wilson³

1996

Microbiological Reviews

281

150

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis.

Henderson¹,

Poole²,

Wilson³

1996

Microbiological Reviews

281

150

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“…Although a number of mammalian hormones act as growth factors for unicellular organisms such as ciliates (4,5), and can be potent stimulators of bacterial growth (18,20), to our knowledge this is the first characterization of an autocrine or paracrine factor that stimulates the resuscitation of truly dormant bacteria. The protein has the properties of a cytokine, because it also stimulates the growth of viable cells, and is likely to be involved in the normal control of cell multiplication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In prokaryotic organisms, intercellular signaling usually involves small metabolites (e.g., N-acyl homoserine lactones) or peptides (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Although specific interactions have been documented between vertebrate cytokines and prokaryotes (17)(18)(19)(20), there are no known examples of autocrine or paracrine growth factors produced by prokaryotic microorganisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A bacterial cytokine

Mukamolova

Kaprelyants

Young

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

405

376

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Viable cells of Micrococcus luteus secrete a factor, which promotes the resuscitation and growth of dormant, nongrowing cells of the same organism. The resuscitationpromoting factor (Rpf) is a protein, which has been purified to homogeneity. In picomolar concentrations, it increases the viable cell count of dormant M. luteus cultures at least 100-fold and can also stimulate the growth of viable cells. Rpf also stimulates the growth of several other high G؉C Gram-positive organisms, including Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Similar genes are widely distributed among high G؉C Gram-positive bacteria; genome sequencing has uncovered examples in Mycobacterium leprae and Mb. tuberculosis and others have been detected by hybridization in Mb. smegmatis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Streptomyces spp. The mycobacterial gene products may provide different targets for the detection and control of these important pathogens. This report is thus a description of a proteinaceous autocrine or paracrine bacterial growth factor or cytokine.The essential role of cytokines in controlling the activation, growth, and proliferation of eukaryotic cells is now widely recognized (1). These proteinaceous cell-signaling molecules include many growth factors that are widely distributed among vertebrates, and probably also invertebrates (2). Similar growth factors have also recently been found in unicellular organisms such as ciliates (3-6). In prokaryotic organisms, intercellular signaling usually involves small metabolites (e.g., N-acyl homoserine lactones) or peptides (7-16). Although specific interactions have been documented between vertebrate cytokines and prokaryotes (17-20), there are no known examples of autocrine or paracrine growth factors produced by prokaryotic microorganisms.The number of observable microbial cells in a natural sample often exceeds the number that can be cultured therefrom by orders of magnitude (21-23). It is not known in general whether such nonculturable (and often noncultured) cells are dead, are killed by our media, or are in a dormant state from which we could, in principle, resuscitate them with appropriate growth factors (24). After growth to stationary phase and starvation in spent growth medium, cells of the nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus can enter a dormant state in which they can persist for at least 7 months. Whereas exponentially growing cultures have a viability of Ϸ100%, as estimated by comparing colony forming units (cfu) on agar plates with the total cell count determined microscopically, such dormant cultures can exhibit a viability of less than 10 Ϫ4 (25). The viable count of this type of culture as measured by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method also corresponds to the number of cfu. However, in the presence of sterile (filtered) culture supernatant from the late logarithmic phase of batch growth, resuscitation occurs and the viable count by MPN increases ...

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“…Cytokines are soluble mediators produced by immune cells which mediate cellular communication. In addition to their activities in the immune system, cytokines such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐simulating factor (4), interleukin (IL)‐3 (5), IL‐2 (6), tumour necrosis factor α (7) and IFN‐γ (8) were shown to be positively involved in differentiation, growth and maturation processes of several parasites within their host (9). Recently, we demonstrated that IL‐7, plays an important role in S. mansoni parasite survival in mice (10–12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous interleukin‐7 transgenic mice display a propitious environment to Schistosoma mansoni infection

Roye

Delacre

Williams

et al. 2001

Parasite Immunology

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Interleukin (IL)-7 is produced early in Schistosoma mansoni-infected human and murine skin and was recently shown to favour parasite development. In the present work, we investigated the participation of keratinocyte-derived IL-7 in this process. Keratinocytes are the predominant cellular constituents of the epidermis and the first tissue encountered by the parasite when it infects the vertebrate host. We therefore infected IL-7 cutaneous transgenic mice and compared several parasitological and immunological parameters to those of infected littermate controls. In transgenic mice, an increased number of total adult worms was observed while egg number and female fecundity remained unchanged. Additionally, transgenic animals displayed a more intensive hepatic fibrosis. In parallel, infected IL-7 transgenic animals showed a dominant Th2-type humoral response towards egg antigens. The results presented here confirm and reinforce the key role play by IL-7 in S. mansoni-vertebrate host interplay, beginning with keratinocyte-derived IL-7.

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Cytokine stimulation of parasitic and microbial growth

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis.

Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis.

A bacterial cytokine

Cutaneous interleukin‐7 transgenic mice display a propitious environment to Schistosoma mansoni infection

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