Cytokines and growth factors in the developing intestine and during necrotizing enterocolitis

MohanKumar, Krishnan; Namachivayam, Kopperuncholan; Ho, Thao; Torres, Benjamin A.; Ohls, Robin K.; Maheshwari, Akhil

doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.018

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In this regard, several groups have shown that amniotic fluid administration can limit NEC 38,53–62 , which Hackam et al showed to be due to effects on inhibition of the degree of TLR4 signaling 38 . It is noteworthy that as the intestinal mucosa of the developing fetus is bathed in swallowed amniotic fluid and TLR4 activation is restricted, the fetus is protected from unexpected activation of TLR4 by ascending bacteria in utero, which could otherwise lead to intestinal injury and premature birth.…”

Section: Curtailing Bacterial Signaling In the Premature Intestine Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Pathophysiology from a historical context

Hackam

Caplan

2018

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery

122

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Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) continues to afflict approximately 7% of preterm infants born weighing less than 1500 grams, though recent investigations have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of this complex disease1. The disease has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units worldwide for many years, and our current understanding reflects exceptional observations made decades ago. In this review, we will describe NEC from a historical context and summarize seminal findings that underscore the importance of enteral feeding, the gut microbiota, and intestinal inflammation in this complex pathophysiology.

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Section: Curtailing Bacterial Signaling In the Premature Intestine Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Pathophysiology from a historical context

Hackam

Caplan

2018

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery

122

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“…TNF‐α and IL‐6 are proinflammatory cytokines that play a critical role in normal host resistance to infection, serving as immmunomodulators of inflammatory responses (Nyachoti et al., ). Both are primarily created by activated macrophages through many signals, such as ionophores, lipopolysaccharide, and antigenic stimulation by pathogenic microorganisms (MohanKumar et al., ). TNF‐α and IL‐6 are mostly derived from lymphocytes and macrophages, but it was produced at a lower concentration with pre‐probiotics; perhaps this type of cytokines is also produced by endothelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productive and economic parameters of pigs supplemented from weaning to finishing with prebiotic and probiotic feed additives

Méndez-Palacios

Méndez-Mendoza

Vázquez-Flores

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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Practical evidence suggests possible beneficial effects with the combined use of prebiotics and probiotics which can improve production parameters. The objective of the study was to investigate the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) as prebiotic and the combination of Lactobacillus spp. (L), Bacillus spp. (B) as probiotics on productive parameters and economic feasibility. Four hundred male pigs, hybrids of commercial genetic lines (Pietrain), were used: T1 = control group, T2 = 4 kg/tonne SC, T3 = 0.8 kg/tonne feed L and B, T4 = 4 kg/tonne SC + 0.8 kg/tonne L and B. Productive parameters were recorded in the treatment groups for four periods. Then, the viscera of five pigs per treatment were collected after slaughter to evaluate the histological changes and cytokine concentrations in the ileum. The weight gains of groups at 70-100, 100-125 and 125-150 days in the T4 group showed statistically increases (p < .05). Feed intake had a significant difference (p < .05) in T3 versus T1. The feed-conversion ratio improved for all periods in the T4 group (p < .05). The eosinophil, mononuclear infiltration and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) in the mucosa were lower for treatments with probiotics. In conclusion, there was an economic benefit when using both prebiotics and probiotics in the diet of pigs from weaning to finishing.

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“…Indeed, a pro-inflammatory state in preterm infants has been associated with decreased IGF-1 levels [24]. It has also been demonstrated that colostrum and maternal milk contain high concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines [25].…”

Section: The Route Of Nutrient Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Course Of IGF-1 Levels and Nutrient Intake in Extremely and Very Preterm Infants During Hospitalisation

2020

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Background: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the complex association between nutrition, growth, and maturation in extremely and very preterm infants. Nevertheless, in this population, research on associations between IGF-1 and nutrition is limited. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the possible associations between the course of IGF-1 levels and nutrient intake between preterm birth and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Methods: 87 infants born between 24 and 32 weeks gestational age were followed up to 36 weeks PMA. Actual daily macronutrient intake was calculated, and growth was assessed weekly. IGF-1 was sampled from umbilical cord blood at birth and every other week thereafter. Results: There was an inverse relationship between the amount of parenteral nutrition in the second week of life and IGF-1. Total protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake, as well as total energy intake, primarily showed a positive association with IGF-1 levels, particularly between 30 and 33 weeks PMA. Gestational age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and weight were significant confounders in the association between nutrient intake and IGF-1 levels. Conclusion: Parenteral nutrition was found to be a negative predictor of IGF-1 levels, and there could potentially be a time frame in which macronutrient intake is unable to impact IGF-1 levels. Future research should aim to narrow down this time frame and to gain more insight into factors enhancing or decreasing the response of IGF-1 to nutrition, e.g., age and inflammatory state, to align nutritional interventions accordingly.

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Cytokines and growth factors in the developing intestine and during necrotizing enterocolitis

Cited by 57 publications

References 102 publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Pathophysiology from a historical context

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Pathophysiology from a historical context

Productive and economic parameters of pigs supplemented from weaning to finishing with prebiotic and probiotic feed additives

The Course Of IGF-1 Levels and Nutrient Intake in Extremely and Very Preterm Infants During Hospitalisation

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