Cytokines and the immune response in obesity-related disorders

Moghbeli, Meysam; Khedmatgozar, Hamed; Yadegari, Mehran; Avan, Amir

doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2020.06.004

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Obesity or fatty tissue increases may also lead to a lack of blood supply and oxygen [ 26 ], and hypoxia is the basis for tissue necrosis and macrophage infiltration. Free fatty acids produced by fat cells are biologically active metabolites that can damage pancreatic β -cell functioning, and the fibrinogen and PAI-1 produced can exacerbate thrombosis [ 36 , 37 ]. An elevation in fibrinogen levels indicates that the body is in an acute inflammatory phase, and PAI-1 is regarded as a marker of abnormal fibrinolysis and atherosclerotic thrombosis [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride-Glucose Index for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of 298,652 Individuals Receiving a Health Check-Up in China

Jiang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective. We herein aim to explore the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods. We enrolled 298,652 individuals with an average age of 47.08 ± 12.94 years and who underwent health check-ups at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wuhu Wannan Medical College in this cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2016. We enlisted 125,025 women (41.86%) and 173,627 men (58.14%). The survey information included a questionnaire survey, a physical examination, and a laboratory examination. Results. The prevalence of MS increased gradually in the TyG-index subgroups (Q1, TyG <8.30; Q2, 8.30≤ TyG <8.83; and Q3, TyG ≥8.83). We noted significant differences in hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, and estimated glomerular filtration rate between the TyG-index subgroups. Multiclass logistic regression analysis showed that the group with TyG <8.30 was the reference group, and the 8.30≤ TyG <8.83 and the TyG ≥8.83 groups exhibited a higher TyG index with MS, and a lower TyG index without MS disease. In the linear curve analysis of the TyG index and MS components, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure showed upward trends, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no obvious trend in the TyG index at a range of 7.8–11.0. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the TyG index, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose for MS, and we found that the area under the TyG index curve was the largest (AUC = 0.89). Conclusion. There were associations between the TyG index and MS and its components, and the TyG index is therefore of great value in the early diagnosis of MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride-Glucose Index for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of 298,652 Individuals Receiving a Health Check-Up in China

Jiang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In addition to metabolic alterations, during OB progression, a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state takes place [ 40 ]. Many studies have shown an increase in inflammatory mediators during OB progression, regulating different mechanisms during VAT and SCAT remodeling [ 41 , 42 ], among which pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] and IL-6 [ 45 , 47 , 48 ] stand out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B-Cell Activating Factor Increases Related to Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Sánchez

Castellanos

Sandoval

et al. 2022

Life

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Obesity (OB) is a major healthcare problem that results from long-term energy imbalance. Adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines facilitate adipose tissue (AT) remodeling to safely store excess nutrients. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a newly described adipokine whose role in enhancing adipogenesis has been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate serum BAFF association with adiposity distribution, serum adipokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic and endothelial dysfunction markers. The study included 124 young Mexican adults with no diagnosed comorbidities, divided according to their BMI. Anthropometric measurements, blood counts, and serum molecules (i.e., glucose, lipid profile, insulin, leptin, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and BAFF) were assessed. The analysis showed positive correlation between BAFF and increased fat mass in all anthropometric measurements (p < 0.0001). BAFF augmentation was related to systemic inflammatory environment (p < 0.05), and linked with insulin resistance status (p < 0.05). BAFF increment was also correlated with early endothelial damage markers such as vWF (p < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed a role for BAFF in predicting serum vWF concentrations (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our data show that BAFF is an adipokine dynamically related to OB progression, insulin resistance status, and systemic inflammatory environment, and is a predictor of soluble vWF augmentation, in young overweight and obese Mexican subjects.

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“…Furthermore, MUO is characterised by adipose tissue dysfunction due to its infiltration by immune cells including macrophages and lymphocytes, which lead to low-grade inflammation, insulin-resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia [69][70][71][72][73][74]. These comorbidities have in particular been associated with visceral adiposity [75].…”

Section: Obesity and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis and Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Linked Inflammation

Bottari¹,

Tommaso²,

Samouda³

2022

Preprint

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It is now well accepted that most chronic diseases have a common feature which is “low-grade” inflammation. Whether inflammation is causal or rather consequent to these diseases is still a matter of debate. A key factor of inflammation is considered to be “oxidative stress”, which is the result of an alteration of redox homeostasis which is critical for the regulation of physiological cell and organ metabolism and proliferation. The term “oxidative stress” is how-ever often used in an inappropriate manner as the primary target of the initial oxidative radical, superoxide ion, is nitric oxide which, being in large excess, acts as a “buffer”, yielding reactive nitrogen species. It is only once the superoxide fluxes exceed the nitric oxide fluxes that true “oxidative stress” occurs. Nitro-oxidative stress is a more appropriate term which takes into account the evolving generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and their effects on cell and organ pathophysiology. The molecular bases of redox homeostasis and nitro-oxidative stress will be presented and discussed using obesity-linked inflammation as a path-ophysiological example.

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Cytokines and the immune response in obesity-related disorders

Cited by 36 publications

References 233 publications

Triglyceride-Glucose Index for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of 298,652 Individuals Receiving a Health Check-Up in China

Triglyceride-Glucose Index for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of 298,652 Individuals Receiving a Health Check-Up in China

B-Cell Activating Factor Increases Related to Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Redox Homeostasis and Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Linked Inflammation

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