Cytokines and their relationship to the symptoms and outcome of cancer

Šeruga, Boštjan; Zhang, Haibo; Bernstein, Lori J.; Tannock, Ian F.

doi:10.1038/nrc2507

Cited by 569 publications

(528 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies suggest the dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines cause and intensify CRF and its related symptoms. 11,12,[57][58][59] In our study, 63% of the patients perceived moderate to vast improvement of improvement in CRF with PG treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue

et al. 2015

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Introduction and Objective. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and severe symptom in patients with cancer. The number and efficacy of available treatments for CRF are limited. The objective of this preliminary study was to assess the safety of high-dose Panax ginseng (PG) for CRF. Methods. In this prospective, open-label study, 30 patients with CRF (≥4/10) received high-dose PG at 800 mg orally daily for 29 days. Frequency and type of side effects were determined by the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Scores on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were assessed at baseline, day 15, and day 29. Global Symptom Evaluation (GSE) was assessed at day 29. Results. Of the 30 patients enrolled, 24 (80%) were evaluable. The median age was 58 years; 50% were females, and 84% were white. No severe (≥grade 3) adverse events related to the study drug were reported. Of the 24 evaluable patients, 21 (87%) had an improved (by ≥3 points) FACIT-F score by day 15. The mean ESAS score (standard deviation) for well-being improved from 4.67 (2.04) to 3.50 (2.34) ( P = .01374), and mean score for appetite improved from 4.29 (2.79) to 2.96 (2.46) ( P = .0097). GSE score of PG for fatigue was ≥3 in 15/24 patients (63%) with median improvement of 5. Conclusion. PG is safe and improves CRF fatigue as well as overall quality of life, appetite, and sleep at night. Randomized controlled trials of PG for CRF are justified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue

et al. 2015

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“…Karacabey (2005) has suggested that the natural defense system of the organism needs to be strengthened to decrease the risk of disease, and to maintain good health, and that the increased body resistance to disease through the strengthening of the immune system could decrease the convalescence time, increase work efficiency, and improve sportive performance. Seruga et al (2008) reported that the systemic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with fatigue, depression and cognitive impairment, but physical activity decrease fatigue in patients with cancer by altering cytokine levels. From these studies, it can be inferred that the proper exercise without loading fatigue or stress can contribute to prevention of cancer in elderly women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proper Exercise Decreases Plasma Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels with the Improvement of Body Condition in Elderly Women

Park

Choi

et al. 2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Aging increases the risk of chronic diseases including cancers. Physical exercise has the beneficial effects for the elderly susceptible to the development of cancers, through maintaining a healthy body condition and improving the immune system. However, excessive or insufficient exercise might increase the risk for cancer. In the present study, we investigated what exercise frequency improves cancer-related biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), red blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC), and the body composition of elderly women. Fifty-four females, aged 70 to 77 years, were divided into 4 groups: control, 1-day exercise (1E), 2-3-day exercise (2-3E), and 5-day exercise (5E) groups. The control group did not participate in any physical activity, while the subjects in the exercise groups underwent the exercise program for 12 weeks. As results, CEA was significantly decreased in the exercise groups, with the lowest values in 2-3E group. In contrast, AFP, RBC and WBC were not significantly changed. CEA is an oncofetal glycoprotein that is overexpressed in adenocarcinomas. Although the function of CEA has not been fully understood, CEA has been suggested to be involved in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via stimulating monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, body weight and body mass index were improved in the exercise groups, with the lowest levels in 5E group. Thus, we suggest that exercise for 2-3 days per week decreases the expression of CEA and improves body condition, without loading fatigue or stress, which may contribute to preventing cancer in the elderly women.

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“…IL-6 was also found to drive tumor initiation and subsequent growth and metastasis, with a poor clinical outcome observed in colorectal cancer patients. Through its link with STAT3, it promotes the expression of VEGF and FGF, supporting the rapid vascularization required for tumor growth and metastasis [38,39].…”

Section: Angiogenesis Confirms Metastatic Potential Of Quorum Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between the microbiome and cancer cells by quorum sensing peptides

et al. 2015

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Highlights• Some quorum sensing peptides promote colon cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis.• Quorum sensing peptide Phr0662 influences tumor progression by EGFR targeting.• Cytokine profiles confirm the peptide's stimulatory effect on metastasis in vitro.• The microbiome-mammals crosstalk may explain the microbiome's effect on health. ABSTRACTTo date, the precise role of the human microbiome in health and disease states remains largely

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Cytokines and their relationship to the symptoms and outcome of cancer

Cited by 569 publications

References 246 publications

High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue

High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue

Proper Exercise Decreases Plasma Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels with the Improvement of Body Condition in Elderly Women

Crosstalk between the microbiome and cancer cells by quorum sensing peptides

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