Cytokines expression in saliva and peri‐implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri‐implant disease

Fonseca, Fabio José Persegani Olivar; Moraes, Mário Luiz Teixeira de; Lourenço, Eduardo José Veras; Teles, Daniel de Moraes; Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo

doi:10.1111/clr.12052

Cited by 66 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thirteen studies showed higher levels of IL-1β in PICF than healthy implant sites [7,21,22,30,35,36,41-47]. Of the 10 studies assessed TNF-α, 3 of them showed no relationship with this cytokine with peri-implant inflammation [7,25,43], while other 7 studies showed significant relationship with this cytokine [23,24,36,41,46-48]. These findings suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α are up to date, the most promising proteins to be used as markers in PICF for differentiation between peri-implantitis and healthy implants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid Analysis, Enzymes and Biomarkers: a Systemetic Review

Dursun

Tözüm

2016

JOMR

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ObjectivesTo review the current understanding of the biomarkers and enzymes associated with different forms peri-implant diseases and how their level changes influence the pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases around dental implants.Material and MethodsAn electronic search in two different databases was performed including MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE between 1996 to 2016. Human studies analyse peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) biomarker and enzyme levels of implants having peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis published in English language, were evaluated. A systematic review was performed to assess which biomarkers and enzymes in PICF were used to identify the inflammatory conditions around dental implants.ResultsFifty-one articles were identified of which 41 were further evaluated and included in the analysis. Due to significant heterogeneity between included studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Instead, a systematic descriptive review was performed.ConclusionsBiomarkers and enzymes in peri-implant crevicular fluid have shown promising results in differentiating from peri-implant disease condition to health. However, due to inconsistent results and acquiring much evidence from cross-sectional studies, additional evidence supported by randomized-controlled trials is needed to validate the links reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid Analysis, Enzymes and Biomarkers: a Systemetic Review

Dursun

Tözüm

2016

JOMR

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“…Studies have shown that a variety of inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and immunoglobulins) are present in the UWS of patients with oral and systemic disorders [17][18][19]. Therefore, the noninvasive assessment of UWS may yield valuable information and can be used to monitor the severity of oral inflammatory conditions, including peri-implantitis [17,20]. IL-1β and IL-6 are the most common inflammatory cytokines that enhance bone resorption by increasing osteoclastic activity [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Radiographic Peri-Implant Parameters and Whole Salivary Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 Levels among Type-2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with and without Peri-Implantitis

et al. 2018

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Objective: The aim was to assess the peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters and whole salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 among type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with and without peri-implantitis. Material and Methods: Ninety-one implants were placed in patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (39 patients with and 52 patients without peri-implantitis; group 1). Eighty implants were placed in patients with diabetes (35 patients with and 45 patients without peri-implantitis; group 2). Peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and marginal bone loss were measured. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured using standard techniques. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In group 1, plaque index (p < 0.001), bleeding on probing (p < 0.001), probing depth (p < 0.001), and whole salivary IL-1β (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in patients with peri-implantitis than in those without peri-implantitis. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and marginal bone loss were comparable among all of the patients in group 2. Among patients with peri-implantitis, plaque index (p < 0.001), bleeding on probing (p < 0.001), probing depth (p < 0.001), marginal bone loss (p < 0.001), and whole salivary IL-1β (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Conclusion: Among individuals without diabetes, peri-implant plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, marginal bone loss, and whole salivary IL-1 β and IL-6 levels were higher among patients with peri-implantitis compared to patients without peri-implantitis. Among patients with diabetes, the severity of the measured parameters appears to be influenced by the glycemic status rather than by peri-implantitis.

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“…More recently multiplex cytokine arrays have been applied in the analysis of PICF, allowing for a broader simultaneous screening of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In one such study, 12 markers were assessed in both peri-implant health and disease, including granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α (Fonseca et al 2014). In line with previous findings, there were no differences with regards to IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 (Severino et al 2011), whereas the levels of IL-1β were significantly higher at peri-implantitis, compared to mucositis sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peri-Implant Infections of Oral Biofilm Etiology

Belibasakis

Charalampakis

Bostancı

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

108

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Biofilms are complex microbial communities that grow on various surfaces in nature. The oral micobiota tend to form polymicrobial biofilms, particularly on the hard mineralized surfaces of teeth, which may impact on oral health and disease. They can cause inflammation of the adjacent tooth-supporting (periodontal) tissues, leading to destructive periodontal disease and tooth loss. The emergence of osseointegrated dental implants as a restorative treatment option for replacing missing teeth has also brought along new artificial surfaces within the oral cavity, on which oral bacteria can form biofilms. As in the case of natural teeth, biofilms on implant surfaces may also trigger infection and cause inflammatory destruction of the peri-implant tissue (i.e. peri-implantitis). While there are strong similarities in the composition of the mixed microbial flora between periodontal and peri-implant infections, there are also a few distinctive differences. The immunological events underlying the pathogenesis of peri-implant infections are qualitatively similar, yet more extensive, compared to periodontal infections, resulting in a faster progression of tissue destruction. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the microbiology and immunology of peri-implant infections, including findings from the peri-implant crevicular fluid, the inflammatory exudate of the peri-implant tissue. Moreover, it discusses the diagnosis and current approaches for the treatment of oral infections.

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Cytokines expression in saliva and peri‐implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri‐implant disease

Abstract: Elevated levels of IL-1β in PICF seem to be a characteristic trait of patients with peri-implantitis. The parotid duct saliva showed a significant increase in expression of IL-8, which might be related to a systemic response.

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid Analysis, Enzymes and Biomarkers: a Systemetic Review

Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid Analysis, Enzymes and Biomarkers: a Systemetic Review

Clinical and Radiographic Peri-Implant Parameters and Whole Salivary Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 Levels among Type-2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with and without Peri-Implantitis

Peri-Implant Infections of Oral Biofilm Etiology

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