Cytokines in Breast Milk from Allergic and Nonallergic Mothers

Böttcher, Malin Fagerås; Jenmalm, Maria C.; Garofalo, Roberto P.; Björkstén, Bengt

doi:10.1203/00006450-200001000-00026

Cited by 183 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We detected lower TGF-β and sCD14 in breast milk samples of overweight subjects as compared with those from normal-weight subjects. This finding may mirror a T helper 2-polarized responder type previously reported to be associated with the allergic state of the lactating mother, found from comparing colostrum samples from allergic mothers with those from nonallergic mothers (20). Correspondingly, the counts of Bifidobacterium-group bacteria were lower whereas those of Staphylococcus-group microbes and Akkermansia muciniphila levels were higher in milk samples of overweight mothers than in those of normal-weight mothers.…”

Section: Maternal Bmi Impact On Milk Componentsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…The same evolution pattern was seen in our study with respect to sCD14 and IL6. The latter are associated with reduction in risk of allergy, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and obesity (18,19) and with indirect anti-inflammatory potential via stimulation of IgA synthesis (16,20). The correlations between the concentrations of cytokines involved in IgA synthesis, i.e., IL-10, IL-6, and TGF-β, may explain the stimulatory effect on IgA production in breast-fed babies (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

et al. 2012

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IntroductIon: Breast milk is an optimal source of nutrition for infants. It contains bioactive components including bacteria that support the microbial colonization and immune system development of the infant. The determinants of human milk composition remain poorly understood, although maternal nutritional and immunological status as well as lifestyle and dietary habits seem to have an impact. Methods: The subjects selected were women from a prospective follow-up study categorized by BMI. Milk samples were taken after delivery and at 1 and 6 mo later for analysis of composition in regard to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, soluble cD14 (scD14), cytokines, and microbiota. results: TGF-β2 and scD14 levels in the breast milk of overweight mothers tended to be lower than the levels in that of normal-weight mothers. also, higher levels of Staphylococcus group bacteria and lower levels of Bifidobacterium group bacteria were detected in overweight mothers as compared with normal-weight ones. The prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila-type bacteria was also higher in overweight mothers, and the numbers of these bacteria were related to the interleukin (IL)-6 concentration in the colostrum, which was in turn related to lower counts of Bifidobacterium group bacteria in the breast milk of overweight women. dIscussIon: complex interactions of cytokines and microbiota in breast milk guide the microbiological, immunological, and metabolic programming of infant health. Our data may indicate the presence of an additional mechanism that may explain the heightened risk of obesity for infants of overweight and excessive weight gain mothers.

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Section: Maternal Bmi Impact On Milk Componentsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

et al. 2012

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“…32 It has been shown that atopic mothers have higher levels of T H 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) compared with nonatopic mothers. 33,34 These differences may result in different IgE levels in the child, which may contribute to risk of allergies. 8 Work in mice has shown that breast milk is sufficient but not necessary to mediate allergenindependent maternal transmission of asthma to the offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast-feeding and atopic disease: A cohort study from childhood to middle age

Matheson

Erbas

Balasuriya

et al. 2007

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

118

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“…20 Breast milk concentration of sIgA was measured after the thawed, stored samples had been centrifuged at 25,000 RCF for 30 minutes at 4°C to remove the lipid layer. 21 All samples were processed in the same way without access to information about the other laboratory and clinical findings. The supernatants were diluted 1:5000 in sterile saline solution or PBS just before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hiv-specific secretory IgA in breast milk of HIV-positive mothers is not associated with protection against HIV transmission among breast-fed infants

Kuhn

Trabattoni

Kankasa

et al. 2006

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objectives-To test whether secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens in breast milk of HIV-positive women is associated with protection against HIV transmission among breast-fed infants.Study design-Nested, case-control design in which HIV-specific sIgA was measured in breast milk collected from 90 HIV-positive women enrolled in a study in Lusaka, Zambia. Milk samples were selected to include 26 HIV-positive mothers with infected infants (transmitters) and 64 mothers with uninfected infants (nontransmitters).Results-HIV-specific sIgA was detected more often in breast milk of transmitting mothers (76.9%) than in breast milk of nontransmitting mothers (46.9%, P = .009). There were no significant associations between HIV-specific sIgA in breast milk and other maternal factors, including HIV RNA quantities in breast milk, CD4 count, and plasma RNA quantities.Conclusions-HIV-specific sIgA in breast milk does not appear to be a protective factor against HIV transmission among breast-fed infants.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted from an HIV-infected mother to her child through breast-feeding. This poses a serious dilemma for health policy-makers. Although complete avoidance of breast-feeding would eliminate the risk of breast-feeding-associated transmission, breast milk substitutes are unaffordable, unavailable, unacceptable, and unsafe for many HIV-infected women in low resource settings. The quantity of viral RNA and cellassociated viral DNA in breast milk from HIV-positive women strongly predicts mother-tochild transmission among breast-fed infants. [1][2][3] What is puzzling, however, is why the majority of breast-fed infants born to HIV-positive mothers remain uninfected despite prolonged exposure. Although breast milk is clearly a route of transmission, human milk is also a rich source of a multitude of innate and specific immune factors that may play a role in modulating the risk of infection. 4 Better understanding of anti-infective properties of breast milk may assist Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the predominant immunoglobulin in breast milk and is associated with passive immunity to other (non-HIV) pathogens among breast-fed infants. 5 HIV-specific IgA antibodies are detected in breast milk of a high proportion of HIV-positive, lactating women. [6][7][8] In an in vitro model, sIgA purified from colostrum was able to block one of the pathways involved in HIV penetration across mucosa, that is, transcytosis through epithelial cells, 9 suggesting that sIgA may be related to decreased infectivity of breast milk. Although persistence of HIV-specific IgA and IgM in breast milk was associated with reduced transmission in one study in Rwanda, 10 no protective association was observed in two other studies. 8,11 HIV-specific sIgA has been detected frequently in cervicovaginal samples from exposed but persistently uninfected cohorts of high-risk women, 12-14 suggesting a role for these mucosal responses in resistance to HIV. Purified sIgA from ex...

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Cytokines in Breast Milk from Allergic and Nonallergic Mothers

Cited by 183 publications

References 34 publications

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

Breast-feeding and atopic disease: A cohort study from childhood to middle age

Hiv-specific secretory IgA in breast milk of HIV-positive mothers is not associated with protection against HIV transmission among breast-fed infants

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