2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2003.10.004
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Cytokines in recurrent pregnancy loss

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Cited by 82 publications
(51 citation statements)
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“…In man, IL-4 is thought to be necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, by avoiding the harmful effects of cell-mediated immunity in the vicinity of putative embryo implantation sites and at the feto-maternal interface (Lin et al 1993, Piccinni 2005. Similarly, G-CSF, which participates in subsequent placental granulocytosis, can modulate the production of deleterious levels of IFN-g (which we report to be comparatively low in seminal fluid), which is known to impair human trophoblast cell growth and function in vitro and to cause abortion in mice (Sugita et al 2003; reviewed by Daher et al 2004). Seminal fluid and serum cytokines were expressed as ratios in order to further highlight their differences (Tables 3 and 4).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 61%
“…In man, IL-4 is thought to be necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, by avoiding the harmful effects of cell-mediated immunity in the vicinity of putative embryo implantation sites and at the feto-maternal interface (Lin et al 1993, Piccinni 2005. Similarly, G-CSF, which participates in subsequent placental granulocytosis, can modulate the production of deleterious levels of IFN-g (which we report to be comparatively low in seminal fluid), which is known to impair human trophoblast cell growth and function in vitro and to cause abortion in mice (Sugita et al 2003; reviewed by Daher et al 2004). Seminal fluid and serum cytokines were expressed as ratios in order to further highlight their differences (Tables 3 and 4).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 61%
“…A highly coordinated chemokine network underlies not only different leukocyte subset recruitment but also orchestrates unique mechanisms of immunomodulation. [1][2][3][4][5] Trophoblast cells have a central role in the control of maternal immune homeostasis through modulating uterine NK cell activity, decidual macrophage polarization to an alternative profile, tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). [6][7][8] Following the inflammatory period characteristic of implantation, an anti-inflammatory and immune tolerant microenvironment is induced to sustain immune homeostasis and successful pregnancy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 Depending on the period of pregnancy, a predominant inflammatory profile defined by increased production of Th1 cytokines (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-G) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A)), may compromise the normal development of the concept, while an anti-inflammatory pattern characterized by increased production of Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) seems to favor a normal pregnancy outcomes. [11][12][13][14] Insulin resistance has been associated with abnormal secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-A and interleukin (IL)-6 and decreased production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-4 and IL-10. 7,15 Despite some controversies regarding specific cytokine levels, T2DM is currently regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%