Cytokines of the Immune System

Dembić, Zlatko

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-419998-9.00006-7

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Because the expression of both IL-1RII and IL-4 was higher in atretic follicles and cysts, we could suggest a co-stimulation in the secretion of these cytokines. These results confirm those of Dembic (2015), who demonstrated that IL-4 has a direct anti-inflammatory effect in vitro by suppressing the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12, IL-10 and TNF-α by monocytes as well as that of IL -1β and IL-12 by macrophages. In studies performed in vivo, it has been shown that, when IL-4 is administered locally or systemically, this cytokine has a strong anti-angiogenic activity (Volpert et al, 1998), a process found altered in cystic follicles (Isobe et al, 2005(Isobe et al, , 2008.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Follicular structures of cows with cystic ovarian disease present altered expression of cytokines

Stassi

Gareis

Marelli

et al. 2019

Zygote

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SummaryOvulation is considered an inflammatory, cytokine-mediated event. Cytokines, which are recognized as growth factors with immunoregulatory properties, are involved in many cellular processes at the ovarian level. In this sense, cytokines affect fertility and are involved in the development of different ovarian disorders such as bovine cystic ovarian disease (COD). Because it has been previously demonstrated that ovarian cells represent both sources and targets of cytokines, the aim of this study was to examine the expression of several cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-4 and IL-8, in ovarian follicular structures from cows with spontaneous COD. The protein expression of these cytokines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In granulosa and theca cells, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-1RA and IL-4 expression levels were higher in cystic follicles than in the control dominant follicles. The serum and FF concentrations of IL-1β and IL-4 showed no differences between groups, whereas IL-8 concentration was detected only in FF of cysts from cows with COD. The FF and serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-8 showed no significant differences, whereas IL-4 concentration was higher in FF than in serum in both the control and COD groups. These results evidenced an altered expression of cytokines in ovaries of cows with COD that could contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Follicular structures of cows with cystic ovarian disease present altered expression of cytokines

Stassi

Gareis

Marelli

et al. 2019

Zygote

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“…IL-2 is a cytokine that promotes the proliferation of T cells, supporting the initiation and maintenance of immune response. 31 Moreover, it stimulates the proliferation of natural killer cells and enhances their activity. 32 As the regulation of T-cell activation through binding of CTLA4 to B7 may affect IL-2 secretion, 33 the release of this blockade with ipilimumab would increase IL-2 concentration enhancing the immune response and could explain the observed better outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of benefit from ipilimumab in small cell lung cancer

et al. 2019

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Background. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but only a subset of patients benefits. Surrogate biomarkers are urgently needed. Our aim was to evaluate serum Th1, Th2, and proinflammatory cytokines in two cohorts of SCLC patients before and during treatment with chemotherapy with or without ipilimumab and to correlate them with survival. Patients and methods. Two cohorts of SCLC patients were studied: patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 47), and patients treated with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab (n = 37). Baseline, on-treatment and after-treatment serum samples were evaluated for the presence of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and Mip-1alpha using a Luminex assay. Differential changes in cytokines between cohorts were analyzed. Associations between cytokine levels and their changes with overall survival were evaluated. Results. Patients treated with ipilimumab showed a global increase of all cytokines after treatment initiation. A high level of IL-8 at baseline was associated with worse prognosis regardless of treatment. Baseline increased IL-2 levels predicted sensitivity to ipilimumab, while high IL-6 and TNF-alpha predicted resistance. An on-treatment increase in IL-4 levels in patients treated with immune-chemotherapy was associated with a better overall survival.Conclusions. The addition of ipilimumab to standard chemotherapy in SCLC modulates the serum levels of cytokines. Baseline levels and their change over time relate to overall survival. Blood-based biomarkers are convenient for patients, and our results support prospective validation of cytokines as predictive biomarkers for ipilimumab in SCLC. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Some type 2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-9, also have anti-inflammatory effects [53]. For example, IL-4 can not only suppress development of Th1 cells from the Th0 activated stage but also inhibit production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 [54,55].…”

Section: Are Asthma Patients At An Increased Risk Of Covid-19?mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic

Liu

Zhi

Ying

2020

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

185

199

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and abnormal, overactivated innate immunity and "cytokine storms" have been proposed as potential pathological mechanisms for rapid COVID-19 progression. Theoretically, asthmatic patients should have increased susceptibility and severity for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to a deficient antiviral immune response and the tendency for exacerbation elicited by common respiratory viruses. However, existing studies have not shown an expected prevalence of asthmatic individuals among COVID-19 patients. Certain aspects of type 2 immune response, including type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, etc.) and accumulation of eosinophils, might provide potential protective effects against COVID-19. Furthermore, conventional therapeutics for asthma, including inhaled corticosteroids, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, might also reduce the risks of asthmatics suffering infection of the virus through alleviating inflammation or enhancing antiviral defense. The interactions between COVID-19 and asthma deserve further attention and clarification.

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Cytokines of the Immune System

Cited by 46 publications

References 91 publications

Follicular structures of cows with cystic ovarian disease present altered expression of cytokines

Follicular structures of cows with cystic ovarian disease present altered expression of cytokines

Serum cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of benefit from ipilimumab in small cell lung cancer

COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic

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