Cytokinin biosynthesis in Hexapoda and Insecta: a bioinformatic analysis

Mooi, Nate; Roy, Scott W.; Connor, Edward F.

doi:10.1007/s11829-023-10022-9

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…IAA synthesis genes are found to be ancestral in insects, whereas tZ and their responsive genes are acquired by speci cally by gallers (Tokuda et al 2022). A recent study using bioinformatics tools has revealed that cytokinin synthesis is also ancestral to the insects irrespective of feeding habits and are co-opted by gallers to manipulate hosts (Mooi et al 2024). Thus, it is highly likely that the pollinators might themselves be releasing phytohormones, at least in the initial stages of gall induction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating Hosts Within Mutualisms: Role of Plant Hormones in Selective Resource Allocation

KULKARNI,

VADASSERY,

BORGES

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In some mutualisms involving plants, photoassimilates are provided as rewards to symbionts. Endophagous organisms often manipulate host plants to increase access to photoassimilates. Host manipulations by endophagous organisms that are also mutualists are generally less understood. We show host plant manipulations by symbionts and the role of phytohormones, i.e. the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), in the brood-site pollination mutualism between fig trees and pollinator fig wasps. In this interaction, pollinator wasps pollinate Ficus flowers within a closed inflorescence called a syconium, in exchange for flowers that develop into galls nourishing pollinator offspring. To examine host manipulation by pollinator galls, we compared growth hormones released by syconial occupants within three experimentally produced treatment groups of syconia: S (containing only seeds), G (containing only pollinator galls) and SG (containing seeds and pollinator galls). We harvested syconia from each treatment in the early and mid-phases of syconial maturation when maximal growth occurs and measured hormone levels Hormone levels were reduced by mid-phase in general; however, they were mostly sustained in G syconia in the mid-phase, suggesting that galls manipulate the host to continuously access resources. We found no difference in IAA and tZ levels of S and G syconia. IAA concentrations were higher in SG syconia. From the perspective of the maintenance of the mutualism, syconium volume and hormone concentrations were highest when both seeds and galls were present (SG treatment), indicating that joint control by both partners over allocation of resources to syconia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating Hosts Within Mutualisms: Role of Plant Hormones in Selective Resource Allocation

KULKARNI,

VADASSERY,

BORGES

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CK ribosides have been previously identi ed in insect herbivores (Andreas et al 2020), and larger amounts of this hormone are associated with insects that induce plant galls (Tokuda et al 2022). Biosynthesis of CKs has not been demonstrated in insects, but bioinformatic analyses indicate that insects contain transcripts that encode proteins homologous to enzymes known to be involved in CK biosynthesis and metabolism (Mooi et al 2024). CKs regulate nutrient allocation in plant tissues that can bene t some insect herbivores.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spotted Lanternfly Contains High Concentrations of Plant Hormones in Its Salivary Glands: Implications in Host Plant Interactions

ACEVEDO

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula is an invasive species in the United States that has emerged as a significant pest in vineyards. This polyphagous insect causes significant damage to grapevines and tree of heaven (TOH). SLF feeds voraciously on plant tissues using its piercing and sucking mouthparts through which it injects saliva and uptakes plant sap. Despite its impact, research on fundamental mechanisms mediating SLF interactions with their predominant hosts is limited. This study documents the morphology of salivary glands and quantifies plant hormones in salivary glands of SLF adults fed on grapevines and TOH using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). SLF adults have one pair of large salivary glands, ranging from 10–15 mm in length that extend from the insect’s head to the last sections of the abdomen. The salivary glands of SLF contain salicylic acid (89 ng/g), abscisic acid (6.5 ng/g), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (5.7 ng/g), indole-3-acetic acid (2 ng/g), jasmonic acid (0.6 ng/g), jasmonic acid isoleucine (0.037 ng/g), and the cytokinin ribosides trans-zeatin (0.6 ng/g) and cis-zeatin (0.1 ng/g). While the concentrations of these hormones were similar in insects fed on grapevines and TOH, abscisic acid was more abundant in insects fed on grapevines, and jasmonic acid isoleucine was only detected in insects fed on grape. These results are discussed in the context of the possible implications that these hormones may have on the regulation of plant defenses. This study contributes to our understanding of the composition of SLF saliva and its potential role in plant immunity.

show abstract

The Spotted Lanternfly Contains High Concentrations of Plant Hormones in its Salivary Glands: Implications in Host Plant Interactions

Acevedo

2024

J Chem Ecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytokinin biosynthesis in Hexapoda and Insecta: a bioinformatic analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

Manipulating Hosts Within Mutualisms: Role of Plant Hormones in Selective Resource Allocation

Manipulating Hosts Within Mutualisms: Role of Plant Hormones in Selective Resource Allocation

The Spotted Lanternfly Contains High Concentrations of Plant Hormones in Its Salivary Glands: Implications in Host Plant Interactions

The Spotted Lanternfly Contains High Concentrations of Plant Hormones in its Salivary Glands: Implications in Host Plant Interactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About