Cytokinins Are Initial Targets of Light in the Control of Bud Outgrowth

Roman, Hanaé; Girault, Tiffanie; Barbier, François; Péron, Thomas; Brouard, Nathalie; Pěnčík, Aleš; Novák, Ondřej; Vian, Alain; Sakr, Soulaïman; Lothier, Jérémy; Gourrierec, José Le; Leduc, Nathalie

doi:10.1104/pp.16.00530

Cited by 93 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with this, in Arabidopsis dormant buds CK signaling is reduced, and in other species CK levels have also been reported to be reduced relative to active buds (Turnbull et al, 1997; Dun et al, 2012; Roman et al, 2016). Consistently, four genes encoding F-box proteins that promote the ubiquitination and degradation of ARR factors [ KISS ME DEADLY ( KMD )1-4] are bud dormancy genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

A Conserved Carbon Starvation Response Underlies Bud Dormancy in Woody and Herbaceous Species

et al. 2017

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Plant shoot systems give rise to characteristic above-ground plant architectures. Shoots are formed from axillary meristems and buds, whose growth and development is modulated by systemic and local signals. These cues convey information about nutrient and water availability, light quality, sink/source organ activity and other variables that determine the timeliness and competence to maintain development of new shoots. This information is translated into a local response, in meristems and buds, of growth or quiescence. Although some key genes involved in the onset of bud latency have been identified, the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlled by these genes are not well defined. Moreover, it has not been determined whether bud dormancy induced by environmental cues, such as a low red-to-far-red light ratio, shares genetic mechanisms with bud latency induced by other causes, such as apical dominance or a short-day photoperiod. Furthermore, the evolution and conservation of these GRNs throughout angiosperms is not well established. We have reanalyzed public transcriptomic datasets that compare quiescent and active axillary buds of Arabidopsis, with datasets of axillary buds of the woody species Vitis vinifera (grapevine) and apical buds of Populus tremula x Populus alba (poplar) during the bud growth-to-dormancy transition. Our aim was to identify potentially common GRNs induced during the process that leads to bud para-, eco- and endodormancy. In Arabidopsis buds that are entering eco- or paradormancy, we have identified four induced interrelated GRNs that correspond to a carbon (C) starvation syndrome, typical of tissues undergoing low C supply. This response is also detectable in poplar and grapevine buds before and during the transition to dormancy. In all eukaryotes, C-limiting conditions are coupled to growth arrest and latency like that observed in dormant axillary buds. Bud dormancy might thus be partly a consequence of the underlying C starvation syndrome triggered by environmental and endogenous cues that anticipate or signal conditions unfavorable for sustained shoot growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

A Conserved Carbon Starvation Response Underlies Bud Dormancy in Woody and Herbaceous Species

et al. 2017

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“…7A). As previously mentioned in the literature, cytokinin content is well related to IPT3 gene expression which encodes a key enzyme in cytokinin biosynthesis (Tanaka et al, 2006;Barbier et al, 2015;Roman et al, 2016). Furthermore, the slow-down of axis II elongation caused by high concentration of asparagine (30 mM) combined with sucrose ( Fig.…”

Section: Asparagine and Sugars Are Involved In Axis II Nutrition And mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…We also tested the effect of 1 μM and 10 μM of a synthetic form of cytokinins (6-Benzylaminopurine, BAP, in 6% v/v DMSO) and of 10 μM of LGR-991, an inhibitor of cytokinin perception acting as a competitor of the cytokinin receptors Arabidopsis Histidine kinase (AHK4 and AHK3; Spíchal et al, 2009). A previous study in rose has shown that this inhibitor can be used up to 1 mM in planta with no toxic effect (Roman et al, 2016). About 15 nodes were cultivated in the same Petri dish, that constitute one of the three technical repetitions for each biological repetition (n = 3).…”

Section: In Vitro Culture In Solid Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cDNAs were obtained by reverse transcription performed on 1 μg of RNA using SuperScript III Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed with SYBR Green according to previous studies using primers of the adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase 3 gene (RhIPT3), which encodes a key enzyme in cytokinin biosynthesis in Rosa hybrida (Barbier et al, 2015;Roman et al, 2016). Enzymatic mix and cDNA samples were distributed using a Calliper Life Sciences robot.…”

Section: Rna Extraction Reverse Transcription and Qrt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter model, auxin inhibits cytokinin production (Tanaka et al, 2006) and stimulates expression of strigolactones biosynthesis and signalling (Brewer et al, 2009;Hayward et al, 2009), promoting axillary bud dormancy. Cytokinins are known to promote cell growth and differentiation, and their synthesis through the IPT3 gene is stimulated by light (Roman et al, 2016), sugars (Barbier et al, 2015) and nitrogen (Xu et al, 2015). Cytokinins are produced in the roots in response to nitrate supply (Takei et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asparagine and sugars are both required to sustain secondary axis elongation after bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida

Moigne

Guérin

Furet

et al. 2018

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Shade signals activate distinct molecular mechanisms that induce dormancy and inhibit flowering in vegetative axillary buds of sorghum

Kebrom

2024

Plant Direct

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Shoot branches grow from axillary buds and play a crucial role in shaping shoot architecture and determining crop yield. Shade signals inactivate phytochrome B (phyB) and induce bud dormancy, thereby inhibiting shoot branching. Prior transcriptome profiling of axillary bud dormancy in a phyB‐deficient mutant (58M, phyB‐1) and bud outgrowth in wild‐type (100M, PHYB) sorghum genotypes identified differential expression of genes associated with flowering, plant hormones, and sugars, including SbCN2, SbNCED3, SbCKX1, SbACO1, SbGA2ox1, and SbCwINVs. This study examined the expression of these genes during bud dormancy induced by shade and defoliation in 100M sorghum. The aim was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms activated by shade in axillary buds by comparing them with those activated by defoliation. The expression of marker genes for sugar levels suggests shade and defoliation reduce the sugar supply to the buds and induce bud dormancy. Intriguingly, both shade signals and defoliation downregulated SbNCED3, suggesting that ABA might not play a role in promoting axillary bud dormancy in sorghum. Whereas the cytokinin (CK) degrading gene SbCKX1 was upregulated solely by shade signals in the buds, the CK inducible genes SbCGA1 and SbCwINVs were downregulated during both shade‐ and defoliation‐induced bud dormancy. This indicates a decrease in CK levels in the dormant buds. Shade signals dramatically upregulated SbCN2, an ortholog of the Arabidopsis TFL1 known for inhibiting flowering, whereas defoliation did not increase SbCN2 expression in the buds. Removing shade temporarily downregulated SbCN2 in dormant buds, further indicating its expression is not always correlated with bud dormancy. Because shade signals also trigger a systemic early flowering signal, SbCN2 might be activated to protect the buds from transitioning to flowering before growing into branches. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that shade signals activate two distinct molecular mechanisms in sorghum buds: one induces dormancy by reducing CK and sugars, whereas the other inhibits flowering by activating SbCN2. Given the agricultural significance of TFL1‐like genes, the rapid regulation of SbCN2 by light signals in axillary buds revealed in this study warrants further investigation to explore its potential in crop improvement strategies.

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Cytokinins Are Initial Targets of Light in the Control of Bud Outgrowth

Cited by 93 publications

References 102 publications

A Conserved Carbon Starvation Response Underlies Bud Dormancy in Woody and Herbaceous Species

A Conserved Carbon Starvation Response Underlies Bud Dormancy in Woody and Herbaceous Species

Asparagine and sugars are both required to sustain secondary axis elongation after bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida

Shade signals activate distinct molecular mechanisms that induce dormancy and inhibit flowering in vegetative axillary buds of sorghum

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