Cytologic and biochemical changes associated with inoculation of amniotic fluid and meconium into lungs of neonatal rats

Martı́nez-Burnes, Julio; Lopez, Alfonso; Horney, Barbara S.; MacKenzie, Allan; Brimacombe, Michael

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1636

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In time, meconium becomes surrounded by pulmonary alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eventually forms microscopic granulomas. 10 Although the bronchoalveolar inflammation in response to meconium aspiration is consistent with autopsy findings in babies succumbing to MAS, the lungs of piglets in this study did not show the typical epithelial necrosis and interstitial edema reported in rats and rabbits experimentally inoculated with meconium. 10 This difference between natural and experimental studies is likely because of the concentration of meconium in the lung.…”

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confidence: 85%

“…10 Although the bronchoalveolar inflammation in response to meconium aspiration is consistent with autopsy findings in babies succumbing to MAS, the lungs of piglets in this study did not show the typical epithelial necrosis and interstitial edema reported in rats and rabbits experimentally inoculated with meconium. 10 This difference between natural and experimental studies is likely because of the concentration of meconium in the lung. It is possible that meconium-induced alveolar injury is dose-dependent, and the concentration of meconium aspirated by piglets was insufficient to cause severe injury.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Morphological Changes in the Lungs of Meconium-Stained Piglets

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Meconium staining of the skin is a common event associated with fetal hypoxia, stillbirths, weak-born piglets, and neonatal mortality. Aspiration of meconium leads to meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the degree of meconium staining of the skin at birth, meconium aspiration, and pulmonary changes in porcine neonates. A total of 353 farrowing sows and 3,693 born piglets were monitored during parturition and for 15 days after delivery. Umbilical cords were classified as normal or ruptured. Meconium staining in the skin was graded as nonstained, mildly, moderately, and severely stained. Mortality from birth to 15 days of age was 8.4%. The lungs from 60 meconium-stained piglets and 60 lungs from nonstained piglets were collected and microscopically examined for meconium aspiration and inflammation. Rupture of the umbilical cord was significantly higher (P , 0.01)

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 85%

Morphological Changes in the Lungs of Meconium-Stained Piglets

et al. 2006

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“…The pathogenesis of the inflammatory response in MAS is not clearly understood. Meconium is a toxic substance that injures respiratory cells and causes a vigorous but transient leukocytic inflammatory reaction in rat lungs (13). Proinflammatory substances, like the chemokine IL-8 and the enzyme phospholipase A 2 (4,14), are present in meconium and are capable of eliciting an inflammatory reaction (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Meconium Is a Source of Pro-Inflammatory Substances and Can Induce Cytokine Production in Cultured A549 Epithelial Cells

et al. 2003

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“…While the morbidity and mortality caused by meconium aspiration has been recognised for many years in human foetuses, only recently has this problem been investigated in domestic and laboratory animals (Martinez-Burnes et al 2001. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is an indicator of prenatal asphyxia and postnatal viability in pigs (Castro-Najera et al 2006).…”

Section: How Do We Evaluate Umbilical Cord Morphology and Uterine Dynmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: a review

Mota-Rojas¹,

Martı́nez-Burnes²,

Villanueva-García³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this review is to integrate clinical findings and laboratory analyses in such a way to improve the welfare of newborn piglets and achieve better prognoses of neonatal viability. Deaths during the intrapartum period account for a significant proportion of pre-weaning mortality in farms worldwide. Piglets which die during parturition generally have normal size and typically lack gross lesions at post-mortem examination. However, circulatory abnormalities in the umbilical cord help in assessing piglet viability. Cord lesions can be classified as normal (adhered), oedematous, congested or haemorrhagic and should always be evaluated in perinatal deaths. The likelihood of neonatal survival decreases rapidly as the severity of umbilical cord lesions increase. The physiometabolic blood profile which includes acid-base balance, degree of dehydration, mineral balance, metabolic expenditure and gas exchange are also useful clinical elements for properly assessing neonatal viability. Neonatal survival is notably reduced when the blood pH falls below 7.0, lactate rises above 90 mg/dl, bicarbonate drops below 10 mmol/l, or the pCO 2 increases above 110 mm/Hg. Blood calcium is also an excellent indicator of neonatal stress when used in combination with the other parameters mentioned above. Trembling due to an imbalance in the movement of calcium in muscle is also a factor involved in neonatal mortality. Neurological function in the newborn piglet could also be evaluated by adapting the Apgar score widely used in human perinatology. Neonates with scores lower than 6 in a 10 point scale have generally lower survival rates. The two most important indicators for this vitality score are breathing latency and bradycardia. If the neonate has apnoea for more than 5 min and the cardiac frequency does not increase to more than 110 beats per minute the prognosis for survival is rather poor.

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Cytologic and biochemical changes associated with inoculation of amniotic fluid and meconium into lungs of neonatal rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Morphological Changes in the Lungs of Meconium-Stained Piglets

Morphological Changes in the Lungs of Meconium-Stained Piglets

Meconium Is a Source of Pro-Inflammatory Substances and Can Induce Cytokine Production in Cultured A549 Epithelial Cells

Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: a review

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