Cytological characteristics of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

Urinary Cytologic Features of Primary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

“…Moreover, urinary cytologic findings were compatible with the features of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma described by Hiroshima et al 11 for tumors of the lung, as follows: (A) medium to large, round or polygonal tumor cells with clearly identified cytoplasm along with frequently observed naked nuclei; (B) round, oval or polygonal nuclei possessing thin and smooth nuclear membranes; (C) finely or coarsely granular nuclear chromatin pattern with 1 or 2 nucleoli that were sometimes inconspicuous; (D) tumor cells appearing in clusters and forming rosettes or nuclear molding along with frequently observed single cells; and (E) necrotic background and pyknotic cells.…”

“…As for pulmonary tumor pathology, within the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors, there is a closer morphologic and genetic similarity between large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma than either typical or atypical carcinoid. [18][19][20] A study of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on cytologic materials showed that the mean nuclear greatest dimension of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (11.1 μm) is larger than that of small cell carcinomas (9.5 μm) and that the mean nuclear greatest dimension of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas is larger than 2.5 times the size of small resting lymphocytes, 11 which is nearly consistent with our cytologic findings of the bladder large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Although the average nuclear size of the neoplasm was a little smaller in our case, this might be because the cells were subject to degenerative changes in urine.…”

Large cell/neuroendocrine carcinoma

“…Although unique cytologic characteristics have been identified, immunohistochemical staining concentrating on neuroendocrine features and the evaluation of mitotic rate from histological sections are vital to a correct diagnosis [23][24][25][26][27]. Thus it is very difficult to diagnose patients preoperatively with small biopsy specimens [13].…”

Immunocytochemical Evaluation of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung

“…The major focus of differential diagnosis of LCNEC has so far been to distinguish it from SCLC. [6][7][8] However, it has been sometimes difficult preoperatively to distinguish LCNEC from other NSCLCs such as classic large cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated Ad or poorly differentiated Sq even after the WHO revised classification became well known. Doddoli et al 9 reported clinicopathologic characteristics of 20 cases of LCNEC who underwent anatomic resection.…”

“…However, cytomorphologic approach with Papanicolaou staining has shown difficulty in distinguishing accurately between LCNEC and SCLC. 8 Therefore, in the present study, immunocytochemistry was used in addition to the usual morphologic approach with Papanicolaou staining.…”