Cytological Characteristics of the Wound Healing Process in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease at Different Stages of the Postoperative Period in Odontogenic Phlegmon of Maxillofacial Localization

Abstract

Odontogenic phlegmon of maxillofacial localisation is one of the most common diseases in the practice of a dental surgeon. The presence of comorbidities, such as coronary heart disease, can negatively impact the course of the underlying condition, complicate diagnosis and treatment, and delay patient recovery. This highlights the need to explore and improve treatment methods for odontogenic phlegmon in patients with coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of regenerative processes in the wound at different stages of the postoperative period after using both classical and novel treatment methods for odontogenic phlegmon of maxillofacial localization in patients with coronary artery disease. Subjects and methods. The study included 80 patients with this pathology, divided into 4 groups. In the first group, quercetin was added to standard therapy, in the second group, quercetin and mexazol were used, and the third group received standard treatment. Patients in these three groups had a history of coronary heart disease. The fourth group (control) had only the underlying disease without comorbidities. Cytological examination was performed using the "surface biopsy" method. The material was collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 of the postoperative period and stained using the Romanowsky-Giemsa method. Subsequently, histological specimens were examined. Results. On day 1, the main cellular elements across all groups were erythrocytes. By day 3, lymphocytes and single holonuclear cells were observed in the first group; precollagen fibers appeared in the second group; the third group showed a significant number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes; and the fourth group mainly had holonuclear cells. By day 5, the first group showed progressive development of regenerative processes, while the second group entered the final phase of regeneration. In the third and fourth groups, gradual development of the regenerative process was observed. On day 7, the first group showed signs of the final stage of wound healing, and the second group had completed this process. The third and fourth groups showed signs of the regenerative stage at this point. On day 9, no signs of inflammation were present in the third and fourth groups. Conclusion. The use of quercetin combined with intravenous mexazol injections as part of conservative therapy accelerates regenerative processes in the postoperative period and shortens the duration of the inflammatory reaction.