Cytological Effect of Herbicides on Hexaploid Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)

Abstract

Context: In order to control weeds many chemicals are being used. It is well known that the chromosomal constitution of the cells may be changed as a result of herbicide treatment.Objectives: This investigation was made to study the cytological effects of herbicides on somatic and germ cells of hexaploid wheat. Materials and Methods:Two herbicides namely, Fielder and Ronstar were used with three different concentrations along with control. Treatment duration was 12 hours for each of the concentrations. Seeds of hexaploid wheat were treated and the roots emerged from them were studied for mitotic study. A part of the treated seeds were sown in earthen pots and pollen mother cells along with pollen grain were studied from the plants aroused from these treated seeds.Results: Mitotic index were high as well as low in most of the treatments compared to that of control but did not show any clear relationship based on increasing or decreasing of the doses of herbicides. Interphase chromosome volume was found to decrease in case of Fielder however, increased in case of Ronstar with increasing the concentration of herbicides. Percentage of pollen sterility was found to increase with increasing the concentration of both herbicides. Main chromosomal irregularities were chromosome fragments, bridges, laggards, single and multiple chromatid bridges etc. Conclusion:Generally it is reported that any chemical might have effect on the plant cells. Mainly investigations have evidenced that the chromosomal anomalies caused by radiation and chemical mutagen is very much common matter now. The herbicides used in the present study showed similar type of radiomimetic effect in the plant cells. Therefore it may be suggested that herbicides should be used in agricultural field maintaining their proper concentration.

Morphological and cytological effects of two herbicides on Tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum L.)

“…The present study showed that with the increase of herbicides concentration there was an increase in interphase chromosome volume in case of both the Topstar and Fielder than the control. This result showed resemblance with Akhter et al (2009) who stated that interphase chromosome volume of hexaploid wheat was found to be increased in case of Ronstar with increasing the concentration of herbicides. It was found in the present investigation that mitotic index was decreased with the increased doses of herbicide Fielder and found to be the highest in control.…”

Cytological Effects of Herbicide Butachlor 50 EC on Somatic cells of Triticum aestivum L.

“…The decrease in mitotic index is slightly dose dependent, it does not affect the percentage of mitotic stages [15]. On the contrary the mitotic index were high as well as low in most of the treatments compared to that of control but did not show any clear relationship based on increasing or decreasing doses of herbicides as reported by [16]. In the present study the mitotic divisions were found to be inhibited at higher concentration.…”

“…This brings to the sub chromatid association; apart from the above stickness might be the result of action of herbicides on the protein of the chromosome [23]. Chromosomal bridges have been reported following treatment with number of chemicals including 2,4-D and isoproturon on wheat [21], Fieldr and Ronstar on wheat [16], imazethapyr on wheat [19], ethylene glycol on wheat [28], putrescine on wheat [24], maleic hydrazide on Trigonella [25], illoxan on Allium cepa [15]. Presence of chromosomal bridge may be due to stickness or formation of dicentric chromosome caused by breakage and reunion [25].…”

Cytological Effects of Herbicidal and Fungicidal Pesticides on Root Apex Meristem Cells of Triticum Aestivum

“…However, herbicides did not affect the MI, which changed only slightly for the highest concentration (2.0 mg/mL). The absence of a decrease in the MI was described by Akhter et al [47], when studying the cytological effects of herbicides on hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum L. At the same time, a number of studies showed, that individual pesticides in high concentrations negatively affect MI. So, in the Allium cepa test herbicides quizalofop-p-ethylandcycloxydimin concentrations 0.5, 1.0% and 1.5%, showed a strong cytotoxic effects.…”