Cytology of germ cell tumors

Stanley, Michael W.; Powers, Celeste N.; Pitman, Martha B.; Korourian, Soheila; Bardales, Ricardo H.; Khurana, Kamal K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970825)81:4<220::aid-cncr4>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mixed GCTs are not uncommon and consist of two or more of the aforementioned histologic GCT subtypes 4,9,12,18,19 . These tumors can be prone to sampling errors with FNA given the various proportions of GCT elements admixed together 10,12 . On histologic follow‐up, we had three cases of mixed GCT: one case showed an 80% seminoma component and 20% mature teratoma component, the second case showed a 50% seminoma component and 50% mature teratoma component, and the last case showed an 80% embryonal component, 15% YST component, and 5% mature teratoma component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytopathologic diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumors: A 10‐year institutional review

Geisler,

Marshall,

Bastacky

et al. 2023

Cancer Cytopathology

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BackgroundThe occurrence of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs), either as primary tumors or metastatic disease, is rare. Forms of cytologic sampling, including fluid analysis, fine‐needle aspiration, and/or small‐core needle biopsy, have been shown to be reliable methods for the diagnosis of germ cell tumors. This study aims to investigate the utility of cytopathologic techniques in the diagnosis of EGGCTs at the authors’ institution.MethodsThe laboratory information system was queried over a period of 10 years (2012–2022) to identify all cytology cases diagnosed on fluid cytology, FNA, and/or small‐core biopsy as germ cell tumors in extragonadal locations. Patient demographics, tumor location, serum tumor marker levels, cytopathologic diagnosis, and follow‐up surgical resection data were reviewed and correlated.ResultsA total of 35 cases from 32 patients (all males) were identified. Thirty specimens contained satisfactory material for diagnosis (86%) and five were less than optimal for evaluation (14%). Despite this, all cases had clinically useful cytopathologic diagnoses. A total of 19 cytology cases (16 patients) had follow‐up resection specimens available. Of these, 11 patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy. Nine patients showed no evidence of residual tumor and two showed histologic concordance. Of the five patients who did not have preoperative chemotherapy, all showed concordant histologic diagnoses.ConclusionsCytology can provide a reliable, accurate method for diagnosing EGGCTs. The practice of preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy places an extreme importance on the initial cytopathologic diagnosis because the majority of patients with follow‐up resection in this series showed no residual tumor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytopathologic diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumors: A 10‐year institutional review

Geisler,

Marshall,

Bastacky

et al. 2023

Cancer Cytopathology

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“…In a study by Gupta et al, 37% of cases with mixed germ cell tumours disclosed only one component on cytology. Smear cytology reveals single and clusters of hyperchromatic undifferentiated cells variably sized, anisonucleosis, scant to moderate cytoplasm and visible nucleoli …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smear cytology reveals single and clusters of hyperchromatic undifferentiated cells variably sized, anisonucleosis, scant to moderate cytoplasm and visible nucleoli. [18][19][20] Cytological interpretation in CSF preparations has been described in pure germinomas. 20 In our case, abundant isolated atypical cells were observed admixed with mature lymphocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytological diagnosis of primary pineal germ cell tumour with a yolk sac component in cerebrospinal fluid

et al. 2020

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We report the clinicocytopathological and immunocytopathological findings of a 13 year old male with mixed germ cell tumor including yolk sac elements. This case was diagnosed by cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry in cerebrospinal fluid smears. MRI findings favored malignancy such as lymphoma and germinoma. As beta‐ΗCG was elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, lymphoma was ruled out and histological confirmation of the diagnosis of germinoma was not necessary. The presence of AFP positive, βHCG positive, c‐kit positive, and PLAP positive cells, established the diagnosis.

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“…Chao et al 8 noted the value of FNA in diagnosing three immature teratomas. Stanley et al 9 compared the cytologic and histologic diagnoses of three other teratomas. In one case, a mature cystic teratoma with squamous cell carcinoma was accurately diagnosed on cytology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one case, a mature cystic teratoma with squamous cell carcinoma was accurately diagnosed on cytology. 9 Teratomas have been known to display an extremely diverse array of characteristics. Small round blue cells, fibrous tissue, and smooth muscle were the sole constituents of the mixed teratoma in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytopathologic findings in an immature cystic teratoma: Report of an unusual case

Balco

Burroughs

Ali

2007

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Teratomas are uncommon, usually benign tumors often found in young women. We describe the cytopathology of an unusual case of a large congenital teratoma in a 6-day-old girl. The patient initially showed signs of abdominal distention and a follow-up ultrasound and computerized-tomography (CT) revealed a cystic mass in the pelvis. An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) showed small round blue cells suspicious for a primitive neuronal tumor. Resection of the mass displayed a cystic teratoma with distinct nests of small round blue cells representing immature neuroepithelial and glial tissue. Also noted were admixed mature elements of a cystic teratoma. Cytologic finding of a small round blue cell tumor, therefore, was the immature component of the teratoma. This case illustrates the difficulties in diagnosing teratomas due to their extraordinary diversity.

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Cytology of germ cell tumors

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Cytopathologic diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumors: A 10‐year institutional review

Cytopathologic diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumors: A 10‐year institutional review

Cytological diagnosis of primary pineal germ cell tumour with a yolk sac component in cerebrospinal fluid

Cytopathologic findings in an immature cystic teratoma: Report of an unusual case

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