Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy and the neonate

Emery, Vincent C.; Lazzarotto, Tiziana

doi:10.12688/f1000research.10276.1

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Current evidence points toward a transplacental route of infection, which is supported by productive infection of endometrial and placental chorionic villi cells [ 35 , 36 ]. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, is transmitted to fetuses during pregnancy and causes congenital syndrome characterized by ocular impairment, hearing loss, and microcephaly, similar to ZIKV [ 37 ]. Sexually transmitted CMV produces high titers of virus in vaginal secretions, which has been associated with an increased miscarriage rate, suggesting CMV in the genital tract could result in adverse pregnancy outcomes [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Persistently and Productively Infects Primary Adult Sensory Neurons In Vitro

et al. 2017

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Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently surged in human populations, causing an increase in congenital and Guillain-Barré syndromes. While sexual transmission and presence of ZIKV in urine, semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva have been established, the origin of persistent virus shedding into biological secretions is not clear. Using a primary adult murine neuronal culture model, we have determined that ZIKV persistently and productively infects sensory neurons of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia, which innervate glands and mucosa of the face and the genitourinary tract, respectively, without apparent injury. Autonomic neurons that innervate these regions are not permissive for infection. However, productive ZIKV infection of satellite glial cells that surround and support sensory and autonomic neurons in peripheral ganglia results in their destruction. Persistent infection of sensory neurons, without affecting their viability, provides a potential reservoir for viral shedding in biological secretions for extended periods of time after infection. Furthermore, viral destruction of satellite glial cells may contribute to the development of Guillain-Barré Syndrome via an alternative mechanism to the established autoimmune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Persistently and Productively Infects Primary Adult Sensory Neurons In Vitro

et al. 2017

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“…The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a human pathogenic beta-herpesvirus that can cause life-threatening infections in new-born infants and immunocompromised patients. Congenital HCMV infections can lead to severe malformations or even death 1 , 2 . The genome of the HCMV is one of the largest in the Herpesviridae family, and its coding potential is not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Read Sequencing of Human Cytomegalovirus Transcriptome Reveals RNA Isoforms Carrying Distinct Coding Potentials

Balázs

Tombácz

Szűcs

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

117

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The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous, human pathogenic herpesvirus. The complete viral genome is transcriptionally active during infection; however, a large part of its transcriptome has yet to be annotated. In this work, we applied the amplified isoform sequencing technique from Pacific Biosciences to characterize the lytic transcriptome of HCMV strain Towne varS. We developed a pipeline for transcript annotation using long-read sequencing data. We identified 248 transcriptional start sites, 116 transcriptional termination sites and 80 splicing events. Using this information, we have annotated 291 previously undescribed or only partially annotated transcript isoforms, including eight novel antisense transcripts and their isoforms, as well as a novel transcript (RS2) in the short repeat region, partially antisense to RS1. Similarly to other organisms, we discovered a high transcriptional diversity in HCMV, with many transcripts only slightly differing from one another. Comparing our transcriptome profiling results to an earlier ribosome footprint analysis, we have concluded that the majority of the transcripts contain multiple translationally active ORFs, and also that most isoforms contain unique combinations of ORFs. Based on these results, we propose that one important function of this transcriptional diversity may be to provide a regulatory mechanism at the level of translation.

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“…After maternal primary infection, transmission to the fetus occurs in 30%–35% of cases, and clinical disease will be present in around 10%–15% of those born with congenital infection. In women who are already seropositive, reactivation may cause fetal infection, at a rate of about 1.2% 2. Although transmission in recurrent infection is much lower than in primary infection, it is the main contributor to the total number of congenital infections (and disease) worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent maternal CMV infection associated with symptomatic congenital infection: results from a questionnaire study in Portugal

Paixão

Brito

Virella

et al. 2019

bmjpo

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ObjectiveHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most widespread agent of congenital infection in humans and is still a challenging issue. Despite lower rates of vertical transmission being associated with recurrent infection when compared with primary infection, the first still represents the majority of congenital infections worldwide. Based on data from active reporting, we explored the influence of maternal primary/non-primary infection both on the presentation and outcome of congenital CMV infection in early childhood.DesignInfants with positive viruria during the first 3 weeks of life were reported through the Portuguese Paediatric Surveillance Unit.PatientsInfants born between 2006 and 2011 with confirmed congenital CMV infection.MethodsMaternal infection was considered primary if CMV IgG seroconversion occurred during pregnancy or low avidity IgG was documented; it was considered non-primary if positive IgG was documented before pregnancy or high avidity CMV IgG was present early in pregnancy. Follow-up questionnaires were sent up to 6 years of age.ResultsForty confirmed cases of congenital CMV infection were reported (6.6:105 live births, 95% CI 4.81 to 8.92); 22 out of 40 were asymptomatic. The odds for non-primary maternal infection if the offspring was symptomatic at birth were 6.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 32.27).ConclusionThe reported number of confirmed cases of congenital CMV infection was much lower than expected. Under-reporting and missed diagnosis were considered possible reasons. Non-primary maternal infections were associated with symptomatic congenital CMV infection in the offspring. Maternal recurrent infections can have a significant impact on the total number of symptomatic infections in Portugal.

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Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy and the neonate

Cited by 33 publications

References 71 publications

Zika Virus Persistently and Productively Infects Primary Adult Sensory Neurons In Vitro

Zika Virus Persistently and Productively Infects Primary Adult Sensory Neurons In Vitro

Long-Read Sequencing of Human Cytomegalovirus Transcriptome Reveals RNA Isoforms Carrying Distinct Coding Potentials

Recurrent maternal CMV infection associated with symptomatic congenital infection: results from a questionnaire study in Portugal

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