Cytomegalovirus Retinal Necrosis With Occlusive Vasculopathy Secondary to Steroid Immunosuppression for Giant Cell Arteritis

Abstract

Purpose: This case report discusses an atypical case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinal necrosis with panretinal occlusive vasculopathy in a 77-year-old man who was immunosuppressed following treatment for giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: A case report is presented. Results: Clinical examination demonstrated a central retinal artery occlusion and pale disc suspicious for arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in the right eye. Biopsy-proven GCA prompted treatment with oral prednisone. While on glucocorticoid immunosuppression, the patient suffered vision loss in the left eye from CMV-necrotizing retinitis with occlusive vasculopathy. Treatment controlled the CMV infection but tapering of his steroids resulted in worsening GCA, requiring a steroid-sparing treatment, tocilizumab. Conclusions: Corticosteroid immunosuppression for GCA may lead to immune dysfunction allowing for an atypical occlusive vasculitis with retinal necrosis from CMV. Early identification and treatment are essential to adjust the level of immunosuppression and consider alternate therapies to control the GCA and prevent worsening of this opportunistic infection.