Cytomegalovirus Transmission in Child Care Homes

Bale, James F.; Zimmerman, Bridget; Dawson, Jeffrey D.; Souza, Inara E.; Petheram, Susan J.; Murph, Jody R.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.1.75

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our study supported higher rates in African-Americans, but did not detect higher rates in our Hispanic participants. The literature suggests that the two main periods of CMV acquisition are in young children (as documented in daycare studies, [9, 25–27] and in young adulthood (presumed to be linked to sexual exposure since CMV has been isolated from saliva, cervical specimens [28] and semen [29]. Studies of young women have supported the significance of sexual transmission as increased CMV infection rates have been found in those with heterosexual contact[13], early sexual debut [4, 25], increased number of partners [5], and a history of sexually transmitted infections [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Risk Factors for Infection in Adolescent Males

et al. 2010

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Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of disability, including sensorineural hearing loss, developmental delay, and mental retardation. Although the seroprevalence of CMV and associated exposure and behavioral risk factors have been reported in adolescent females, limited data exists in males. Method Serum was obtained from males (aged 12–17 years) from 6/2006 – 7/2007 in Cincinnati, OH, Galveston, TX, and Nashville, TN and tested for CMV IgG antibody using a commercial assay. Participants completed a computer assisted screening interview to assess seven risk categories. Results A total of 397 adolescent males were screened and 165 (47%) were seropositive. African American race, older age, and exposure to children ≤3 years of age in the home were significant predictors of CMV infection in the univariate analysis. Hispanic ethnicity, group living situations, saliva sharing behaviors, and intimate sexual contact were not associated with CMV infection. However, among those with a history of sexual contact, the number of life time partners was associated with CMV. In the final multivariate model, CMV seroprevalence was significantly higher in African American subjects (OR 1.99 (95% CI [1.27, 2.95]) and subjects >14 years of age (OR 1.1 (95%CI [1.00, 1.28]. With each additional risk factor, males had a 1.6x increased risk of CMV. Conclusions This study indicates that CMV infections are common in adolescent males, increase with age, and are associated with African American race. Further study is needed to understand these risk factors in preparation for a CMV vaccine targeted at both adolescent males and females. Summary This study indicates CMV infections are common in adolescent males, increase with age, and are associated with African Americans. Further study is needed to understand these risk factors in preparation for a CMV vaccine targeted at adolescent males and females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Risk Factors for Infection in Adolescent Males

et al. 2010

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“…Third, the age range of the six patients was between 2 months and 14.07 years. During this age period, high rates of seroconversion occur because of exposure in the community or from family members shedding virus (26,27).…”

Section: Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus viremia associated with death or retransplantation in pediatric lung-transplant recipients

et al. 2003

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“…Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is highly prevalent among children attending day-care centers 1,2,8,11,15,21 . There is also evidence that children with subclinical CMV infection are the primary infection source for other children and for mothers and employees 10,12,15,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus infection in children with Down syndrome in a day-care center in Brazil

Canto

Granato

Garcez

et al. 2000

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThis study evaluates the transmission of CMV infection in 120 children aged 1 to 15 years with Down syndrome who attended a day-care center for handicapped children in São Paulo, Brazil. A blood sample was obtained from each children at the beginning of the study for detection of IgG and IgM cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies by an immunofluorescence assay. Samples of saliva and urine were obtained every 3 months from the children with CMV antibodies to detect shedding of the virus by culture in human foreskin fibroblasts, by detection of pp65 CMV-antigen and by a nested PCR assay.The prevalence of anti CMV-IgG antibodies was 76.6% (92/120), and IgM anti-CMV antibodies were detected in 13% (12/92) of the seropositive children.During the first viral evaluation, CMV was detected in the urine and/or saliva in 39/90 (43.3%) of the seropositive children. In the second and third evaluations, CMV was detected in 41/89 (46%) and in 35/89 (39.3%) children, respectively. Detection of CMV was shown both in urine and saliva in 28/39 (71.8%), 19/41(46.3%) and 20/35 (57.1%) of the children excreting the virus, respectively. Additionally, in 33/49 (67.4%) of the excreters CMV could be demonstrated in urine or saliva in at least two out of the three virological evaluations carried out sequentially in a six month period.Of the 28 initially seronegative children, 26 were re-examined for anti-CMV IgG antibodies about 18 months after the negative sample; seroconversion was found in 10/26 (38.5%).Taking all 536 samples of urine or saliva examined by virus culture and pp65 antigen detection during the study into account, 159 (29.6%) were positive by virus culture and 59 (11%) gave a positive result with the pp65 assay.These data demonstrate the high prevalence of CMV shedding and the high risk of CMV infection in children with Down syndrome attending a day-care center for mentally handicapped patients. The virus culture was more sensitive than the pp65 CMV antigen assay for CMV detection in both urine and saliva samples.

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Cytomegalovirus Transmission in Child Care Homes

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Risk Factors for Infection in Adolescent Males

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Risk Factors for Infection in Adolescent Males

Cytomegalovirus viremia associated with death or retransplantation in pediatric lung-transplant recipients

Cytomegalovirus infection in children with Down syndrome in a day-care center in Brazil

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